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Pharmacokinetics SPMM: Questions & Answers (100% Accurate)
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Pharmacokinetics SPMM: Questions & Answers (100% Accurate)
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Pharmacokinetics SPMM: Questions & Answers (100%Accurate)
What is phamacokinetics
What (4) stages does pharmacokinetics do Right Ans - What body does to
drug
ADME
Absorption
Distribution
Metabolism
Excretion
what (3) factors affect absorption? Right Ans - Form of drug- e.g coated
tablet
Rate blood flow at site of administration - higher blood flow higher absorption
Solubility- PH drug, size partciles, pkA
What are orally taken medications at risk of Right Ans - First pass effect-
metabolised by liver and gut mucosa - metabolised before even entering
systemic circulation
leads to variable plasma concentration
What affects absorption in GI tract Right Ans - Intestinal motility
gastric emptying
PH
Area for absorption
Food in stomach
blood flow to area
What does grapefruit do to drugs Right Ans - Inhibitor of P glycoprotein,
CYP3A4 and somewhat CYP1A2
- greatest effect for 1st pass metabolism drugs such as ca blockers,
carbemazepine, trizolam, midazolam
Which bit of gut does most absorption take place? Right Ans - Small
intestine - most
M/r or slow release- large intestine
, What's one way of making MR drugs
What are the benefits Right Ans - enteric coating slows this down (MR
drugs)
Prolongs effects drugs, reduce peak plasma concentration to reduce SE - e.g
quetiapine XL
Why are liquids more easily absorbed than tablets? What does dissolution
rate depend on Right Ans - Because they don't need to be dissolved
dissolutions rate depends on size of drug particle, solubility of drug,
properties intestinal fluid
How long do IM drugs take to absorb into body?
What does IM absorption depend on?
How are depots prepared to delay their immediate absorption? Right Ans -
10-30 mins, useful in RT, avoids most of 1st pass metabolism
Depends on blood flow, (qa) solubility- so lipid soluble drugs are better
absorbed, low molecular weight drugs
Depot preps have inert oil
What is the fastest route of absorption?
How much bioavailability does it have and why?
What is the -ve about this route Right Ans - IV
100% - avoids 1st pass metabolism
Higher risk sudden death/life threatening ADR
What is permeation? Right Ans - Lipid membrane permeability of the drug-
e.g is it completely absorobed or like 40% (due to poor gut absorption)
Concentration gradient affects - plasma protein bound drugs don't contribute,
only free form drugs in circulation
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