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Basic Psychology SPMM: Questions & Verified Answers
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Basic Psychology SPMM: Questions & Verified Answers
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Basic Psychology SPMM: Questions & Verified Answers3 types of non-associative learning Right Ans - Habituation, Sensitisation,
Pseudoconditioning
Define habituation, sensitisation and pseudoconditioning Right Ans - H -
non associateive learning, repeated stimulus leads to reduced response over
time. E.g humans and traffic
S- opposite to H. repeated stimulus leads to increase in response
P= cross sensitisation. response to a previously neutral stim
3 types of associative learning Right Ans - Classical, operant, Social learning
(observing)
Famous example of classical conditioning and explain - what process does this
lead to? Right Ans - Pairing a neutral stimulus with a previously existing
unconditioned stimulus - e.g pairing bell sound with sight of food which
already causes salivation - eventually neutral stim alone causes salivation
without the unconditioned stimulus
When the conditioned stimulus is paired with the unconditioned response-
called aqcuisition
List 4 types of classical conditioning + define Right Ans - 1/ Forward
(delayed)- CS given before UCS - then continued together until UCR
2/ Backward conditioning- UCS (food) before CS - least effective
3/ Simultaneous- UCS + CS together until UCR (real life)
4/ Trace- CS presented before UCS - depends on memory TRACE
Define operant conditioning - give famous example
What is social learning theory? Right Ans - Organism receives a response
through their active behaviours- e.g positive reinforcement food after using
potty.
Skinners rats
SLT- combines classical and operant modes learning, social interaction needed
to learn
temporal contiguity Right Ans - relates to time between stimulus and
response being important for conditioning - what pavlov said - Temporal
conditioning is when you use the UNCONDITIONED stimulus only - after
, certain time periods, The response is elicited before UCS after a set amount of
time
Predictability define in conditioning terms Right Ans - Rescorla said
predicting a response from a well recognised stimulus is more important than
temporal contiguity
What is higher order conditioning Right Ans - Using a previously
conditioned stimulus to condition another stimulus. E.g previously bell (CS1)
was conidtioned to salivate, but then you use a you pair CS1 with a red laser
(CS2) - which will eventually cause the original unconditioned response
(salivating)
Stimulus generalisation
Pavlovs example - explain Right Ans - Pavlov- Little Albert, played loud
bangs when shown a white rat to elicit fear response- Albert generalised it to
generic white furry object
= extension of original conditioned response to other similar stimuli to CS
Discrimination definiton and example Right Ans - Opposite to stimulus
generalisation - where the conditioned stimulus is specific- e.g a dog, not all
four legged animals
Extinction (classical conditioning)
What's it called when its regained? Right Ans - the learned stimulus does
not elicit the UCR anymore because the CS and UCS haven't been paired for a
while - conditioned response disappears
Can be regained through - spontaneous recovery
Counter conditioning - definition and example
How does it relate to clinical use Right Ans - Conditioning where the
RESPONSE, not stimulus is changed, E.g with presentation of food you want
the dog to sit instead of lunge up at you
Used in behavioural therapies, systematic desensitisation and aversion
therapies
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