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Test Bank For SuperVision and Instructional Leadership A Developmental Approach, 11th Edition by Carl D. Glickman Stephen P. Gordon Jovita Ross-Gordon Rachel Solis
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SuperVision and Instructional Leadership:
A Developmental Approach
Eleventh Edition
Carl D. Glickman,
University Professor Emeritus, The University of Georgia
Stephen P. Gordon,
Distinguished Professor Emeritus, Texas State University
Jovita M. Ross-Gordon,
Distinguished Professor Emerita, Texas State University
Rachel D. Solis,
Educational Consultant
Prepared by
Seth B. Hunter, George Mason University
, Table of Contents
Part 1—Introduction 1
Chapter 1: SuperVision for Successful Schools 1
Part 2 – Knowledge 7
Chapter 2: The Norm: Why Traditional Schools Are As They Are 7
Chapter 3: The Dynamic School 12
Chapter 4: Adult and Teacher Development within the Context of the School 16
Chapter 5: Reflections on Educational Beliefs, Teaching, and Supervision 22
Part 3 – Interpersonal Skills 26
Chapter 6: Supervisory Behavior Continuum: Know Thyself 26
Chapter 7: Directive Control Behaviors 31
Chapter 8: Directive Informational Behaviors 36
Chapter 9: Collaborative Behaviors 41
Chapter 10: Nondirective Behaviors 46
Chapter 11: Developmental Supervision 52
Part 4 – Technical Skills 56
Chapter 12: Observing Skills 56
Chapter 13: Assessing and Planning Skills 60
Chapter 14: Implementation and Evaluation Skills 64
Part 5 – Technical Tasks of Supervision 69
Chapter 15: Direct Assistance to Teachers 69
Chapter 16: Evaluation of Teaching 74
Chapter 17: Group Development 78
Chapter 18: Professional Development 82
Chapter 19: Curriculum Development 87
Chapter 20: Action Research: The School As The Center of Inquiry 93
Part 6 – Cultural Responsibilities of Supervision 97
Chapter 21: Facilitating Change 97
Chapter 22: Addressing Diversity 101
Chapter 23: Building Community 107
Multiple Choice Answer Key 111
,taxation.---### Overview of Business Entities#### 1. Types of Business EntitiesBusiness entities can be categorized based on ownership st ructure and tax treatment. Understanding these types is crucial for determining tax C self-employment tax on
their share of the income. Understanding how to minimize this liability is crucial for LLC members. - **Tax Elections**: - LLCs can elect to be taxed as a corporation, allowing for strategic tax planning based on the members’ overall tax situations.###
Special Topics in Business Taxation#### 1. International Tax ConsiderationsAs globalization increases, understanding international tax implications becomes essential.- **Foreign Tax Credits**: - Businesses operating internationally may qualify for
foreign tax credits, which help avoid double taxation on income earned abroad. Proper planning is crucial to maximize these b enefits.- **Transfer Pricing**: - Multinational corporations must ensure that transactions between subsidiaries in different
countries adhere to arm's length principles to avoid tax penalties and ensure compliance with both domestic and international regulations.#### 2. State and Local TaxesTax obligations vary signi ficantly by state and locality.- **Nexus
Considerations**: - Businesses must understand nexus —essentially, a connection to a state that creates tax obligations. Factors include physical presence, employee presence, and sales volume.- **Variations in Tax Rates**: - Each state has its
own tax rates and regulations, which can significantly impact a business’s overall tax liability. Careful planning can help b usinesses navigate these complexities.#### 3. Tax Compliance and PlanningTax compliance is critical for avoiding penalties
and managing liabilities.- **Record-Keeping**: - Accurate record-keeping is essential for compliance. Businesses should maintain detailed records of income, expenses, and deductions to suppo rt their tax returns.- **Tax Planning Strategies**: -
Effective tax planning can lead to significant savings. Strategies may include timing income and expenses, leveraging credits and deductions, and selecting the appropriate business structure.### Current Developments#### 1. Legislative
ChangesTax laws are subject to frequent changes, impacting business strategies.- **Recent Legislation**: - Keeping abreast of changes in tax law, such as the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act, is vital for businesses. These changes can affect e verything
from corporate tax rates to deductions and credits available.- **Impacts of Legislation**: - Understanding how legislative changes impact various business structures can help in adjusting strategies to minimize tax liability.#### 2. Technology and
TaxationThe evolution of technology is transforming the landscape of tax compliance and planning.- **Digital Tools**: - Many businesses utilize tax software to streamline compliance and reporting. These tools can automate calculations and help
ensure accuracy.- **E-commerce and Tax**: - The rise of e-commerce has led to new tax considerations, particularly regarding sales tax collection in multiple jurisdictions. Businesses must adapt to these changes to remain compliant.### Practical
Applications#### 1. Case StudiesReal -world examples provide insight into effective tax strategies.- **Success Stories**: - Analyzing businesses that successfully navigated tax planning can offer valuable lessons in compliance, deductions, and
strategic planning.- **Common Pitfalls**: - Examining case studies where businesses faced penalties due to non-compliance highlights the importance of understanding tax obligations.#### 2. Form PreparationProper form preparation is essential
for compliance.- **Common Tax Forms**: - Familiarity with key forms, such as Form 1065 for partnerships or Form 1120 for C-Corps, is crucial. Each form has specific requirements and deadlines.- **Understanding Deadlines**: - Businesses must
stay informed about filing deadlines to avoid penalties. Calendar managemen t is an essential part of tax planning.### ConclusionUnderstanding the taxation of business entities is essential for effective financial management and compliance. With
ongoing changes in legislation, technology, and economic conditions, businesses must remain adaptable and informed. This comprehensive approach to tax planning will enable businesses to minimize liabilities while complying with all relevant
regulations.---If you need more specific details or a focus on a particular area, let me know!
Part 1—Introduction
Chapter 1: SuperVision for Successful Schools
1. Supervision, as a new paradigm, discusses collegial schools establish goals
consistent with the responsibility of education in a democratic society. Which of the
following topics is not included? (1.5)
a. Action research
b. Curriculum development
c. Autocratic leadership
d. Strategic planning
2. In reviewing the following schools, Finnie Tyler High School, German Elementary
School, and Progress Middle Schools, which of the following represents less
structured approaches that teachers may use in their classroom? (1.2)
a. Asking questions of the students
b. Allowing students to work in small groups
c. Presenting materials to the students
d. Pacing the activities according to the curriculum objectives
3. Choose the one task that Group Development does not address explicitly:
a. Forming new collegial groups as needed
b. Facilitating formal groups
c. Building cultural proficiency
d. Coordinating communication
4. Choose the one task explicitly included in Building Community:
a. Moral action
b. Teacher observation
c. Revising curricula
d. Instructional assistance
, 5. Choose the one description characterizing congenial schools:
a. Teacher self-assessment is the primary means of supervision.
b. Teachers are relaxed in talking to students.
c. Teachers work independently to accomplish school’s improvement plan.
d. Administrators observe classrooms in a strict manner.
6. Most conventional schools have
a. clear expectations for students and teachers.
b. flexible schedules prepared by administrators.
c. creative and cooperative approaches with students.
d. informal approach to instruction.
7. taxation.---### Overview of Business Entities#### 1. Types of Business EntitiesBusiness entities can be categorized based on ownership st ructure and tax treatment. Understanding these types is crucial for determining
tax C self-employment tax on their share of the income. Understanding how to minimize this liability is crucial for LLC members. - **Tax Elections**: - LLCs can elect to be taxed as a corporation, allowing for strategic tax
planning based on the members’ overall tax situations.### Special Topics in Business Taxation#### 1. International Tax ConsiderationsAs globalization increases, understanding international tax implications becomes
essential.- **Foreign Tax Credits**: - Businesses operating internationally may qualify for foreign tax credits, which help avoid double taxation on income earned a broad. Proper planning is crucial to maximize these
benefits.- **Transfer Pricing**: - Multinational corporations must ensure that transactions between subsidiaries in different countries adhere to arm's length principles to avoid tax penal ties and ensure compliance with both
domestic and international regulations.#### 2. State and Local TaxesTax obligations vary significantly by state and locality.- **Nexus Considerations**: - Businesses must understand nexus —essentially, a connection to a
state that creates tax obligations. Factors include physical presence, employee presence, and sales volume. - **Variations in Tax Rates**: - Each state has its own tax rates and regulations, which can significantly impact a
business’s overall tax liability. Careful planning can help businesses navigate these complexities.#### 3. Tax Compliance and PlanningTax compliance is critical for avoiding penalties and managing liabilities.- **Record-
Keeping**: - Accurate record-keeping is essential for compliance. Businesses should maintain detailed records of income, expenses, and deductions to suppo rt their tax returns.- **Tax Planning Strategies**: - Effective
tax planning can lead to significant savings. Strategies may include timing income and expenses, leveraging credits and deduc tions, and selecting the appropriate business structure.### Current Developments#### 1.
Legislative ChangesTax laws are subject to frequent changes, impacting business strategies. - **Recent Legislation**: - Keeping abreast of changes in tax law, such as the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act, is vital for businesses.
These changes can affect everything from corporate tax rates to deductions and credits available.- **Impacts of Legislation**: - Understanding how legislative changes impact various business structures can help in
adjusting strategies to minimize tax liability.#### 2. Technology and TaxationThe evolution of technology is transforming the landscape of tax compliance and planning.- **Digital Tools**: - Many businesses utilize tax
software to streamline compliance and reporting. These tools can automate calculations and help ensure accuracy. - **E-commerce and Tax**: - The rise of e-commerce has led to new tax considerations, particularly
regarding sales tax collection in multiple jurisdictions. Businesses must adapt to these changes to remain compliant.### Prac tical Applications#### 1. Case StudiesReal -world examples provide insight into effective tax
strategies.- **Success Stories**: - Analyzing businesses that successfully navigated tax planning can offer valuable lessons in compliance, deductions, and strategic planning.- **Common Pitfalls**: - Examining case
studies where businesses faced penalties due to non-compliance highlights the importance of understanding tax obligations.#### 2. Form PreparationProper form preparation is esse ntial for compliance.- **Common Tax
Forms**: - Familiarity with key forms, such as Form 1065 for partnerships or Form 1120 for C-Corps, is crucial. Each form has specific requirements and deadlines.- **Understanding Deadlines**: - Businesses must stay
informed about filing deadlines to avoid penalties. Calendar managemen t is an essential part of tax planning.### ConclusionUnderstanding the taxation of business entities is essential for effecti ve financial management
and compliance. With ongoing changes in legislation, technology, and economic conditions, businesses must remain adaptable and informed. This comprehensive approach to tax planning will enable businesses to
minimize liabilities while complying with all relevant regulations.---If you need more specific details or a focus on a particular area, let me know!
8. According to the schools described in the introduction, which of the following
examples represent the collegial school?
a. German Elementary Schools
b. Progress Middle School
c. Finnie Tyler High School
d. Shadyside High School
9. Active learning, student engagement, and alternative learning opportunities for those
experiencing difficulties are mostly likely to be observed in the following:
a. Conventional schools
b. Congenial Schools
c. Collegial Schools
d. Private Schools
10. Mission, values, and goals become the foundation for
a. a covenant of learning.
b. student-led research in the schools.
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