Exam (elaborations)
KAISER EKG TEST QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS
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KAISER EKG TEST QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS
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KAISER EKG TEST QUESTIONS WITHCORRECT ANSWERS
depolarization - Answer-- inside of cell becomes positive, outside negative
- contraction
- na+ channel opens
- ELECTRICAL
repolarization - Answer-movement of cells = inside is negative again
- na+ channels close, k+ channels open
- MECHANICAL
p wave
qrs wave
t wave - Answer-- (p) atrial depolarization
- (qrs) ventricular depolarization
- (t) ventricular repolarization
refractory period - Answer-per of time where cardiac cells cannot respond to stimulus
absolute refractory period - Answer-beginning of qrs to peak of t wave
relative refractory (vulnerable per of repolarization) - Answer-- cardiac cells have
repolarized enough to respond to strong stimulus
- during this per a strong stimulus may overtake the pacemaker of the heart
- ex. PVC during vulnerable period may turn into vtach or torsades
- prolonged QT interval inc possibility
causes of prolonged qt intervals - Answer-haldol, bradycardia, hypokalemia
automaticity - Answer-ability of pacemaker cells to initiate electrical impulse
excitability - Answer-ability of muscle cells to respond to outside stimulus
conductivity - Answer-ability to recieve electrical stimulus and conduct impulse to
adjacent cells
contraction - Answer-cardiac cells shorten = muscular contraction in response to
electrical stimulus
sa node - Answer-- primary pacemaker of heart
- 60-90 bpm
av node - Answer-delay = atrial contraction + ventricular filling
, - 40-60 bpm
bundle of his - Answer-ability to self initiate electrical activity
- 40-60 bpm
purkinje fibers - Answer-network of fibers that carry electrical impulse to ventricular
muscle cells
- 20-40 bpm
NSR
Brady
Tachy
SVT
Junctional
Ventricular rhythm - Answer-NSR 60-100
Brady 40-60
Tachy >100
SVT >150
Junctional 40-60
Ventricular rhythm 20 - 40
PR interval - Answer-0.12-0.20
beginning of p to beginning of qrs
qrs interval - Answer-< 0.12
beginning of q to end of s
qt interval - Answer-beginning of q to end of t
- heart rate dependent
is rhythm regular or irregular - Answer-measure interval between R waves
ventricular rate - Answer-- count # of qrs complexes
atrial rate - Answer-- count # of p waves
causes of bradycardia - Answer-- vagal
- dig, beta blockers
- compensatory response in acute MI
- ischemic heart disease
- sick sinus. synd
- inc intracranial pressure
bradycardia symptoms - Answer-hypotension, AMS, signs of shock, ischemic chest
discomfort, HF
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