NR 602 Final 2024 LATEST UPDATE||
CORRECT QUESTIONS & ANSWERS||
VERIFIED
Colposcopy exam- - ANSWER procedure that visualizes vaginal, vulvar, or cervical epithelium w/
magnification to id abnormal area to be bx
Dysmenorrhea - ANSWER painful menstruation that prevents normal activity and requires medication
3 types: primary (no organic cause), secondary (pathologic cause) and membranous - causes intense
cramping pain due to passage of a cast of endometrium through undilated cervix
Dysmenorrhea treatment - ANSWER Tx- NSAIDs/tyelnol, heat, antiprostaglandins, OCP w/ increased
estrogen- pain relief r/t absence of ovulation, decreased prostaglandin production; surgery
Dysmenorrhea mechanism - ANSWER prostaglandin activity
Cystocele - ANSWER -vaginal wall weakens and stretches and allows the bladder to bulge into the vagina
Cystocele sx - ANSWER Sx-felling of fullness or pressure in vagina, increased discomfort when you
strain/cough/bear down, feeling of incomplete empty, repeated bladder infection, pain or urinary leak
during sex, bulge of tissue into vaginal opening
Cystocele prevention - ANSWER kegels, prevent constipation, avoid heavy lifting, avoid wt gain
Rectocele - ANSWER -When thin tissue of vagina separates the vaginal and rectum allowing vaginal wall
to bulge
Rectocele sx - ANSWER Sx- soft bulge of tissue in vaginal, difficult BM, sensation of rectal pressure,
incomplete emptying after BM, sexual concerns
, Causes of rectocele - ANSWER Causes- constipation/strain, chronic cough, heavy lifting, overweight,
childbirth, age
Retocele prevention - ANSWER Prevention- kegels, prevent constipation, avoid heavy lifting, cough, avoid
wt gain
Uterine prolapse - ANSWER -pelvic floor muscles and ligaments stretch and weaken and no longer
provide support for uterus and protrude into vagina.
Uterine Prolapse causes - ANSWER Causes- pregnancy, large baby delivery, lower estrogen level after
menopause, obesity Common in postmenopausal and one or more childbirth
Uterine Prolapse symptom - ANSWER Sx- heaviness or pulling into pelvis, tissue protruding from vagina,
urinary probs (leakage, retention), trouble having BM, feeling of sitting on small ball, sexual concerns
Uterine Prolapse prevention - ANSWER Prevention- kegels, treat constipation, correct lifting, avoid wt
gain
uterine prolapse treatment - ANSWER Tx- pessary
Herpes simplex - ANSWER chronic viral infection caused by HSV1 or HSV2, relapsing
Herpes Simplex prevention - ANSWER Prevention: consistent condom use b/c viral shedding can occur in
asymptomatic periods and can lead to transmission. W/ symptoms- Valacyclovir 500 mg daily
Herpes Simplex sign and symptoms - ANSWER Sx-multiple painful vesicular or ulcerative lesion on
genitals, can be absent. Virus lays dormant and can be reactivated
Herpes Simplex diagnosis - ANSWER lays dormant and can be reactivated
Dx-cell culture and PCR
, Herpes Simplex treatment - ANSWER Tx- systemic antiviral. Acyclovir 7-10 days for 1st episode,
suppressive 200 mg daily BID
Chancroid - ANSWER -Transmitted via sexual contact or on hands that have touched lesion. Caused by
Haemophillus ducreyi
-Reportable disease
Chancroid symptoms - ANSWER -Sx- erythematous papule that evolves into pustule and degenerates into
saucer shaped ragged ulcer that is circumscribed by inflammatory wheal. Tender, heavy foul discharge
that is contagious
Chancroid diagnosis - ANSWER Dx-culture that grows H ducreyi
Chancroid treatment - ANSWER Tx- Abx azithromycin 1 g PO one time, ceftriaxone 250 mg IM 1 x, cipro
500 mg PO BID x3 days erythromycin 500 mg PO TID x7 days. Personal hygiene, clean w/ soap and water,
sitz bath
Syphilis - ANSWER -chronic, systemic disease caused by a sphirochete transmitted via contact with
infectious moist lesion. Sexually acquired or vertically transmitted from infected mom. Reportable
disease
Syphilis transmitted - ANSWER -Transmitted in primary and secondary stages
Primary-mucus mem 10-90 days later. Secondary- 2 wks-6mo after primary lesion then generalized
cutaneous eruption of secondary may appear. Latent- may last a lifetime
Syphilis prevention - ANSWER Prevention- condom, wash w/ soap and water after sex, screen ppl @ high
risk (men that have sex with men, drug trafficers, correctional facilities)
Syphilis symptoms - ANSWER Sx- [Primary]- Chancre- indurated firm painless papule or ulcer w/ raised
borders, women can have cervical or vaginal lesion....on any mucus mem. [Secondary}-viral syndrome w/
diffuse lymphadenopathy AEB dermatitis, papulosquamous lesion on palms and soles. Lesions on trunk
will be macular or maculopapular popular or pustular other systemic include patchy alopecia, hepatitis,
nephritis. [Latent]- resolution of lesion of primary and secondary or finding of serologic test w/o therapy
, Syphilis Diagnosis - ANSWER Dx- T pallidum sphirochetes on dark field exam of cutaneous lesion,
serologic testsing antibody titers
Syphilis treatment - ANSWER Penicillin G
Chlamydia trachomatis gold standard test - ANSWER . Gold standard test is NAT, not culture
HPV- spread - ANSWER spread via skin to skin (genital warts)
Prevention- abstinence, condom use, treating affected partner @ same time
Trich - ANSWER Caused by flagellated protozoan, mobile
Trich prevention - ANSWER Prevention: condoms, decrease # of sex partners, vulvular hygiene
Trich symptoms - ANSWER Sx- purulent malodorous d/c w/ burning itching, dysuria, frequency, and
painful sexl. Postcoital bleeding may occur foamy white green d/c, strawberry appearing cervix
trich diagnosis - ANSWER Dx- motile flagellated organisms on saline wet smear, Affirm
Trich treatment - ANSWER Tx-Metronidazole 2g PO single dose OR tinidazole 2 gm in single dose
Candida - ANSWER white curd like d/c
Candida diagnosis - ANSWER Dx- potassium hydroxide prep---distinct presence of hyphae
Candida treatment - ANSWER Tx- topical azole drugs or PO fluconazole
bacterial vaginosis - ANSWER most prevalent vaginal infection. * Loss of lactobacilii and increase in
vaginal pH fishy odor
