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NUR 108 ( LATEST 2024 / 2025 ) EXAM 4 | (ACTUAL EXAM ) QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS (SOLVED)
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NUR 108 ( LATEST 2024 / 2025 ) EXAM 4 | (ACTUAL EXAM ) QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS (SOLVED)
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NUR 108 Exam 41. Increased Intracranial Pressure
Answer
•sustained elevated pressure e15 mmHg in cranial cavity
• cerebral edema most common cause
2. ‘Brain Volume
Answer
•‘ amount of tissue
• caused by brain tumors (benign or malignant)
3. ‘Cerebral Blood Volume
Answer
•subdural hematoma
• space occupying lesion
4. ‘CSF
Answer
•obstruction of outflow, overproduction, or “ drainage
• hydrocephalus
• shunt, ETV
5. Cerebral Edema
Answer
*‘ in interstitial fluid from acute brain swelling*
• too much water ’ low Na+
,*‘ in BP pushes fluid out of vessels*
• hypertensive crisis
*cytotoxic or hypotonic insult at cellular level triggers inflammatory response*
• meningitis or stroke
*triggered by ‘ in altitude
6. Cerebral Angiography
Answer
•x-ray images of blood vessels in and around brain
• uses contrast dye
• no metformin 48 hrs before procedures
7. Computerized Tomography
Answer
•medical imaging using computer processed x-rays taken from different angles
• can use contrast
• no metformin 48 hrs before procedure if using contrast dye
8. Lumbar Puncture
Answer
•needle is inserted into spinal canal to collect CSF for diag- nostic testing
• shouldn't be performed if IICP is suspected
• sudden release of pressure in skull may cause cerebral herniation
9. Electrocephalography (EEG)
Answer
•detects electrical activity in brain
10. Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Answer
•medical imaging using strong magnetic fields to generate images
, 11. Glasgow Coma Scale Categories
Answer
• eyes
• verbal
• motor
12. IICP S/S
Answer
*Early*
• LOC changes *
• confusion *
• drowsiness
• visual deficits
• photophobia
• motor weakness
• pupil abnormalities
• restless w/o apparent cause *
*Late*
• coma
• loss of deep tendon reflexes
• positive Babinski's (spread toes)
• hyperthermia
• loss of brain stem reflexes
• Cushing's triad (HTN, bradycardia, bradypnea)
• posturing
13. IICP Nursing Interventions
Answer
•assess LOC, behavior, motor/sensory fxn, pupil reactions, resp. pattern every hr
• monitor ABG results
• avoid activities increasing ICP
• prevent bladder distention & constipation
• maintain HOB @ 30°
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