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Pharm Tox Exam 2 Questions with Correct Answers version
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Pharm Tox Exam 2 Questions with CorrectAnswers 2024-2025 version
What is the target of therapeutic and psychostimulant drugs such as Methylphenidate,
Amphetamine, and Bupropion? - ANSWER DAT (dopamine transporter)
True or False: DAT is a potassium-couple transporter. - ANSWER False (Na-coupled)
In the cardiovascular system, dopamine stimulates ______ receptors causing vasodilation and
reducing cardiac load. - ANSWER D1
A ___________ is a rhythmic oscillatory movement around a joint. - ANSWER Tremor
______________ is irregular, unpredictable, involuntary muscle jerks. - ANSWER Chorea
___________ are sudden coordinated abnormal movements that tend to occur repetitively. -
ANSWER Tics
What disease is due to a high concentration of dopamine being reduced due to selective death
of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra? - ANSWER Parkinson's
Levodopa or Dopamine: What crosses the BBB? - ANSWER Levodopa
How does Levodopa cross the BBB? - ANSWER LAT (L-amino acid transporter)
,Carbidopa is a ______________ inhibitor and allows for more _____________ to get into the
brain. - ANSWER decarboxylase, levodopa
Pramipexole or Ropinirole: Which is a D2 agonist? - ANSWER Ropinirole
Pramipexole or Ropinirole: Which is a D3 agonist? - ANSWER Pramipexole
Serotonin is derived from what amino acid? - ANSWER Tryptophan
Serotonin is actively transported into the brain by what? - ANSWER LAT1
What serves as a precursor to melatonin? - ANSWER serotonin
What is the target for SSRI's? - ANSWER SERT (serotonin transporter)
Urinary concentrations of 5HT and its metabolites are elevated during most ______________
attacks. - ANSWER migraine
Reserpine or Fenfluramine: Migraines may be precipitated by which agent that releases
5HT from intracellular storage sites? - ANSWER Both
__________ derivatives, such as Triptan, decrease the nausea and vomiting of migraines. -
ANSWER Indole
Triptan, used to decrease nausea and vomiting during migraines, interacts potently with
what two types of receptors? - ANSWER 5HT1B, 5HT1D (activation of these receptors may
cause constriction of intracranial blood vessels)
, LSD, a potent hallucinogen, interacts with most __________ receptors. - ANSWER 5HT
___________________, an ergot alkaloid, is used for the prophylactic treatment of migraine
and other vascular headaches. - ANSWER Methysergide
A patient recently started a new antidepressant therapy and experienced restlessness,
confusion, shivering, tachycardia, diarrhea, muscle twitches, fever, seizures, loss of
consciousness, and then they died. What did they suffer from? - ANSWER Serotonin syndrome
Antidepressants enhance ___________ or _____________ transmission. - ANSWER
serotonergic, noradrenergic
What generation of antidepressants are most commonly used? Why? - ANSWER Second
Generation (SSRIs, SNRIs), Less toxicity than first generation (MAOIs, TCAs)
Serotonin and Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors what two transporters, respectively? -
ANSWER SERT, NET
TCAs and MAOIs enhance ______________ neurotransmission. - ANSWER monaminergic
TCAs enhance monoaminergic neurotransmission by inhibiting uptake of what two
neurotransmitters? - ANSWER 5HT, NE (via SERT/NET)
MAOIs enhance monaminergic neurotransmission by inhibiting ___________ metabolism and
thereby ___________ (increasing/decreasing) the levels of neurotransmitter in storage
granules available in later release. - ANSWER monamine, increasing
What are 4 mechanisms that might contribute to the effectiveness of antidepressant drugs? -
ANSWER Altered adrenergic or serotenergic receptor density or sensitivity; altered GPCR and
cyclic nucleotide signaling; induction of neurotrophic factors; increased neurogenesis in the
hippocampus
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