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MCB 2610 Exam 2 Question and answers verified to pass 2024/2025
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MCB 2610 Exam 2 Question and answers verified to pass 2024/2025 MCB 2610 Exam 2 Nutritional requirements of microorganisms - correct answer Macronutrients and micronutrients Macronutrients - correct answer Needed in higher quantities Needed to make macromolecules: carbon, nitrogen, pho...

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  • October 17, 2024
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MCB 2610 Exam 2
Nutritional requirements of microorganisms - correct answer
✔Macronutrients and micronutrients


Macronutrients - correct answer ✔Needed in higher quantities
Needed to make macromolecules: carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, sulfur,
oxygen and hydrogen


Required as co enzymes: Potassium, sodium, magnesium, calcium, and iron
ex: Mg is a cofactor for DNA polymerase


Micronutrients - correct answer ✔Mn, Zn, Co, Mo, Ni, and Cu
Trace elements
Not needed in growth media
Some are important for enzymes as well


All organisms require - correct answer ✔carbon is backbone of all organic
components present in cell


hydrogen and oxygen are also found in organic molecules


electrons play a role in energy production


Carbon Acquisition - correct answer ✔Aquisition of nutrients
Autotrophs - assimilate carbon from inorganic sources
Heterotrophs - assimilate carbon in preexisting organic form

,Aquire Energy - correct answer ✔Phototrophs capture light energy to
produce ATP.
Chemotrophs capture energy from oxidation of reduced organic or inorganic
compounds.


Electron Acquisition - correct answer ✔Organotrophs acquire their electrons
from organic molecules (like glucose)
Lithotrophs ('rock-eaters') acquire their electrons from inorganic sources


Mixotrophs - correct answer ✔An organism that is capable of both
photosynthesis and heterotrophy.
can be advantageous
some organisms have great metabolic flexibility and alter their metabolism in
response to environmental changes


nitrogen fixation - correct answer ✔the chemical processes by which
atmospheric nitrogen is assimilated into organic compounds, especially by
certain microorganisms as part of the nitrogen cycle.


Nitrogen - correct answer ✔Used in:
amino acids, purines, pyrimidines, some carbohydrates, lipids, enzyme
cofactors etc.


supplied in numerous ways
-Metabolism of amino acids, nitrates, ammonia, from atmosphere
-Nitrogen Fixation

,Phosphorus - correct answer ✔Used in: nucleic acids, phospholipids,
coenzymes, some proteins, etc.




Common sources:
Inorganic phosphate
Organic molecules containing a phosphoryl group


Sulfur - correct answer ✔used in:
amino acids, coenzymes


Obtained from 2 sources
Amino acids cysteine and methonine


Sulfate
-assimilatory sulfate reduction
sulfatesulfitehydrogen sulfide


assimilatory sulfate reduction - correct answer ✔the reduction of sulfate for
use in amino acid and protein biosynthesis
sulfatesulfitehydrogen sulfide


Growth factors - correct answer ✔organic compounds that cannot be
synthesized by an organism but are essential for growth


amino acids (protein synthesis)
purines/pyrimidines (nucleic acid synthesis)

, vitamins (enzyme cofactors, needed in very small amounts)


nutrient concentration - correct answer ✔Growth rate -dependent on
amounts of nutrients in environment.


One key nutrient, available in the lowest amount, will dictate how much growth
can occur over time


haemophilus influenzae - correct answer ✔Needs human to make energy


microplasma - correct answer ✔Use cholesterol to make phospholipids


Aerobes - correct answer ✔grow in the presence of oxygen.
Obligate aerobes REQUIRE oxygen.
Microaerophiles grow best when there is less oxygen than normal


obligate aerobes - correct answer ✔require oxygen


microaerophiles - correct answer ✔grow best when there is less oxygen than
normal


anaerobic - correct answer ✔growth occurs without oxygen.
Aerotolerant anaerobes aren't harmed by oxygen but don't use it, either.
Obligate anaerobes cannot grow when oxygen is present.
Facultative anaerobes CAN use oxygen but can also grow in the absence of
oxygen.

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