This chapter on microbiology covers the origin of the words used to categorize different bacteria. Goes in depth on the Greek background and the science behind the terms.
• Taxonomy – What it is.
• Taxonomy – The science of describing, identifying, and classifying organisms.
• Greek taxis “arrangement” –onomy “method”.
• Humans have been recognizing things since forever.
• Classifications based on observed characteristics.
• “Natural Systems” vs. “Artificial”
• “Phyletic Systems”
• Greek, phylon “tribe”.
• Carl Linnaeus a.k.a. Carl von Linné
- came up with binomial nomenclature
• Binomial nomenclature
• Genus (genera)
• specific epithet (species)
• Species have common characteristics.
• Hierarchical Classification
• Strain – Brought about by small, permanent genetic/phenotypic changes.
- more specific than species
• E. coli strain K12 wildtype sans lambda phage and F plasmid.
• E. coli strain 0157:H7 enterohemorrhagic
• Phylogenetics – The study of evolutionary history.
- origin of tribes or tribal origins
• Greek genetikos, “orgin, source, birth”.
• More Modern Thinking
• Old 2-Kingdom system – Plants & Animals.
• Protists – The first classified microbes.
- first major change to taxonomy since Aristotle
• Bacteria?
- lumped into protists
• 5-Kingdom System.
- originally
1860’s beginning of golden age of microbiology
Robert Harding Wittaker
• Monera: Figure 9.5
• Protista
• Plantae
• Fungi
• Animalia
• Monera includes those in 3-domain
3-Domain System:
Splits up bacteria from archaea
• Includes eubacteria, cyanobacteria, and archaea.
Hierarchy:
Monera
• Prokaryotic.
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