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WGU C785 EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
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WGU C785 EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
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WGU C785 EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERSWhat is the basic structure of an amino acid? What do they look like? - Answers-amino
group (NH2 or NH3), carboxyl group (COO or COOH), alpha carbon (C), and variable
group
How do you identify the 3 different types of side chains: non-polar/hydrophobic, polar,
and charged? - Answers-Non-polar/hydrophobic - end with CH or "can't have" water.
Polar - end with OH, SH, or NH. Charged - end with a charge
What kinds of bonds do each of the 3 different types of side chains make? - Answers-
ionic, hydrophobic/non-polar, charged
What are the 4 levels of protein structure? - Answers-Primary - linear structure,
Secondary - Folded into helix or pleated sheet caused by hydrogen bonding, tertiary -
3D structure caused by side chain interactions, quaternary - 1+ amino acid chains
combine = multiple subunits MUST have 1+ subunit
What enviormental change breaks each type of bond? - Answers-hydrophobic -
temperature change, ionic - salt or decreased ph, hydrogen - temperature, change in
ph, disulfide - reducing agents
What type of amino acid side chain leads to protein aggregration? - Answers-
hydrophobic bonds
How do environmental changes affect protein folding? - Answers-Extreme temp can
cause hydrogen bonds to break apart = malformation of protein folding
How do mutations affect protein structure? - Answers-Can cause structure to change.
Protein loses form = loses function. May form a different protein.
What is an electron? - Answers-Negatively charged atom on outer ring for bonding
What is energy: - Answers-Power derived fro chemical interaction
What are covalent bonds? - Answers-chemical bond, atoms share 1+ valence electrons
What is an ionic bond? - Answers-bond between positive and negative
What is a hydrogen bond? - Answers-weak bond between positive and negative
With an amino? - Answers-piece of amino acid, NH2 or NH3
What is a carboyxl? - Answers-piece of amino acid, COO or COOH
What is hydrophobic? - Answers-Doesn't like water, end with CH
,What is hydrophilic? - Answers-Water Lovering, end with OH, NH, or SH
What is disulfide bond? - Answers-strongest bond between reduction agents, formed
between SH's.
What are zwitterions? - Answers-amino with positive and negative charges = overall
charge of zero
What is a polypeptide - Answers-polymer of amino acids
What is dehydration synthesis? - Answers-Process of forming peptide bonds
What is hydrolysis? - Answers-adding water to destroy bonds
What is an alpha helix? - Answers-twisted secondary structure, formed by hydrogen
bonds
What is a beta sheet? - Answers-folded second structure shape, formed by hydrogen
bonds
What is denaturation? - Answers-loss of shape duet o interruption of chemical bonds;
occurs via extreme salt, temp, ph
What is aggregation? - Answers-clumping of inner or outer cellular proteins caused by
misfolded proteins leading to diseases such as Alzheimers, ALS, Parkinson's
How do enzymes catalyze reactions? - Answers-bind with substrates to decrease
activation energy required and decrease reaction rate
How do enzymes affect reaction rate and activation energy? - Answers-decrease
activation energy and decrease reaction rate
What are the 4 steps of the enzymatic cycle? - Answers-enzyme recognizes substrate,
substrate attracts the enzyme; enzyme-substrate complex is formed; enzyme-product
complex formed; product is released, enzyme recycled
How do environmental changes affect enzymes? - Answers-High heat, ph change, high
salt concentration, and reducing agents can cause an enzyme to lose its form/lose
function
What is a competitive inhibitor? - Answers-Mimics substrate and takes its place on the
active binding site
What is a noncompetitive inhibitor? - Answers-Binds to allosteric site causing active site
to change shape = preventing substrate from binding with enzyme
, What molecules increase/build up or decrease given a specific inhibitor? A -> (enzyme
1) -> B -> (enzyme 2) -> C -> (enzyme 3) -> D. Pretend Enzyme 2 is inhibited. -
Answers-Inhibitor would cause a build up for product B, decrease product C. Enzyme 3
and product D would not be created.
What is substrate? - Answers-the substance on which an enzyme acts
What is a product? - Answers-result of a reaction
What is an intermediate? - Answers-products produced in an enzyme pathway before
final product
What is an active site? - Answers-location where substrate binds with enzyme
What is enzyme specificity? - Answers-Enzymes bind with certain substrate or type of
substrate to create a certain reaction
What is induced fit? - Answers-Enzyme changes shape in enzyme-substrate complex to
facilitate formation of enzyme-product complex
What is kinase? - Answers-Enzyme, adds phosphate group via phosphorlation
What is phosphatase? - Answers-enzyme, removes phosphate group via
dephosphorylation
With is an allosteric site? - Answers-secondary site on an enzyme an inhibitor binds to
via non-competitive inhibition
What is competitive inhibition? - Answers-enzyme substrate and inhibitor complex
compete to bind with enzyme's active site. No product formed when inhibitor binds with
enzyme.
What is non-competitive inhibition? - Answers-inhibitor binds to allosteric site, not active
site. Changes shape of active site, preventing substrate from binding and making
product
What is feedback inhibition? - Answers-End product sends feedback to beginning of
enzyme pathway inhibiting 1st enzyme via noncompetitive inhibition
What nucleotides/bases are used in DNA? What are their abbreviations/full names? -
Answers-C - cytosine, G - guanine, A - adenine, T - thyamine
What nucleotides/bases are used in RNA? - Answers-C - cytosine, G - guanine, U -
uracil, A - adenine
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