Treatment of mild of moderate dehydration - ANSWER- oral hydration solutions
- continue breastfeeding with ORS supplement
- offer young child 20mL/kg per hour
- offer older child er 100mL of ORS every 5 mins
- combine with IV therapy as needed
- avoid juice, soft drinks, and sport drinks
Trea...
Treatment of mild of moderate dehydration - ANSWER- oral hydration solutions
- continue breastfeeding with ORS supplement
- offer young child 20mL/kg per hour
- offer older child er 100mL of ORS every 5 mins
- combine with IV therapy as needed
- avoid juice, soft drinks, and sport drinks
Treatment of severe dehydration - ANSWER- IV therapy of LR or NS
- under 1 = 30mL/kg over first hour, then 70mL/hr for following 6 hours, and 100mL/kg from 6 to 24
hours
- over 1 = 30mL/kg over first 30 minutes and 70mL/kg for the following 3 hours.
Reassess every 15 to 30 minutes
Mild dehydration - ANSWER3-5% decrease in weight
Moderate dehydration - ANSWER6-10% decrease in weight
Severe Dehydration - ANSWER11-15% decrease in weight
Colic - ANSWERCrying for no apparent reason that lasts for 3 hours or more per day and occurs 3
days or more per week in an otherwise healthy infant younger than 3 months of age.
Appendicitis - ANSWERInflammation of the appendix that leads to distention and ischemia that can
result in necrosis, perforation, and peritonitis, or abscess formation.
Signs and symptoms of appendicitis - ANSWERpain, nausea and vomiting, anorexia, fever
Result findings of appendicitis - ANSWER- CBC may show increased WBC with an increased
neutrophil
- UA can show small numbers of WBC (<20) and RBC (<20)
An increased risk when having diarrhea is - ANSWERdehydration
Acute diarrhea is typically caused by - ANSWERViruses like rotavirus, bacteria, and parasites
Rotovirus is common in children age - ANSWER3 to 15 months
Chronic diarrhea can be caused by - ANSWERAntibiotic treatment of another condition, poor
absorption of starches and sugars, food allergies, laxative abuse in eating disorders, hyperthyroidism,
or IBS
, Acute cases of diarrhea treatment includes - ANSWERSupportive care such as fluid and electrolyte
replacement and/or anti diarrheal based on age
Chronic cases of diarrhea treatment includes - ANSWERTreating underlying cause
Appendicitis fever - ANSWERNeither sensitive nor specific; many children are a febrile or low grade
fever.
High fever in appendicitis - ANSWERConsider perforation
Rovsing's sign or rebound tenderness - ANSWERPressure deep in LLQ with sudden release elections
RLQ pain; strong suggest peritoneal irritation
Esophageal FB lodge at three spots most commonly - ANSWER- Thoracic inlet where skeletal muscle
changes to smooth muscle
- mid-esophagus where the aortic arch and carina overlap the esophagus
- lower esophageal sphincter (LES).
Symptoms of Esophageal FB - ANSWERChoking, gagging, and coughing. Excessive salivation,
dysphagia, food refusal, emesis/hematemesis, or pain in the neck, throat, or eternal notch
PE findings of esophageal FB - ANSWERRespiratory symptoms such as steroid, wheezing, cyanosis, or
dyspnea. Cervical swelling, erythema, or subcutaneous crepitation may indicate perforation. Drooling
or pooling of secreations
Swallowing lithium batteries greater than or equal to 20mm - ANSWEREmergency endoscopy for
removal due to erosion or ulceration within 2 hours of ingestion
Abdomen FB - ANSWERThen to pass through the remainder for the GI tract without difficulty unless
greater than 5cm in diameter or 2cm in thickness
Abdomen FB symptoms - ANSWERAbdomen distention or pain, vomiting, hematochexia, and
unexplained fever
Rectal FB - ANSWERSmall blunt objects will pass on own but large or sharp object should be retrieved
after sedation to relax sphincter
intussusception - ANSWERPart of the small intestine retracts into itself causing ischemia of the
bowel.
Symptoms of intussusception - ANSWER- Episodic abdominal pain with vomiting every 5 to 30
minutes. Vomiting is nonbilious initially.
- Some have no pain.
- screaming iwth drawing up of the legs with periods of calm, sleeping or lethargy
- stool, possible diarrhea with blood (currant jelly)
-
Physical exam of intussusception - ANSWER- lethargy
- fever may or may not be present
- glassy-eyed and groggy almost if sedated
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