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NU606 Exam 2 Questions and Answers- Updated 2024 $12.49   Add to cart

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NU606 Exam 2 Questions and Answers- Updated 2024

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NU606 Exam 2 Questions and Answers- Updated 2024 What are opportunistic pathogens? - Answer-Only affects you when your immune system is trash, e.g those with HIV/AIDs (Usually die of secondary infection) What are prions? - Answer-No genome, proteins Can cause disease Can also cause normal pro...

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NU606 Exam 2 Questions and Answers-
Updated 2024

What are opportunistic pathogens? - Answer✔✔-Only affects you when your immune system is

trash, e.g those with HIV/AIDs (Usually die of secondary infection)


What are prions? - Answer✔✔-No genome, proteins


Can cause disease


Can also cause normal proteins to change shape and become new prions (if ingested)


*Mad cow disease


What are prion-associated diseases - Answer✔✔-1. Creutzfeldt-Jacob Disease


2. Variant Creutzfeldt-Jacob Disease


3. Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE, Mad Cow Disease)


4. Kuru


- All of them cause the brain to look like a sponge


- ALL cause cognitive impairment


How are viruses different than bacteria? - Answer✔✔-- Some have envelopes, if they don't

they're considered naked

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- Submicroscopic infectious agents that have either DNA or RNA


- Capsid protects virus when it is NOT inside host cell (i.e. Hanging onto the door knob)


What is bacteria? - Answer✔✔-Prokaryote


-W/o nuclei and no membrane-bound organelles


-Produce biofilm: Collection of bacteria on surface


-Contain RNA and DNA


-Bacteria with plasmids can give an "edge"; codes for resistance to certain antibiotics


- Use hosts for food and shelter


Are most fungal infections on the surface of the body? - Answer✔✔-Yes


What are fomites? - Answer✔✔-inanimate objects that can spread disease such as a doorknob,

clothing, countertop etc


What are zoonoses - Answer✔✔-diseaes of animals that can spread to humans


How do pathogenic microbes get into the body? - Answer✔✔-Depends on the microbe, but in

general, they can be ingested, inhaled or get in through vaginal fluid or semen.


What are virulence factors?


How do they allow bacteria to be pathogenic? - Answer✔✔-Allow bacteria to be pathogenic


- Destroy some part of the host, making it easier to get in or replicate



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i.e. Lipase - digest oil on skin


Where do bacteria endotoxins come from?


What do they cause? - Answer✔✔-Endotoxins cause host immunize reactions


What are bacterial exotoxins?


What do they do to host cells? - Answer✔✔-- Proteins released by bacteria


- Damage or kill host cells


What is sepsis? - Answer✔✔-toxic inflammatory condition arising from the spread of microbes,

especially bacteria or their toxins, from a focus of infection in the blood


If a word ends in itis, what does that mean? - Answer✔✔-Inflammation, may or may not be due

to infection


What are the major mechanisms in which antibiotics inhibit or kill bacteria? - Answer✔✔-- Cell

wall synthesis


- Protein Synthesis


- Nucleic acid synthesis


- Metabolism


How do bacteria fight back? - Answer✔✔-- Break down antibiotics


- Altering antibiotic binding sites


- Using different metabolic pathways

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- Changing cell walls to keep antibiotics out


How do antivirals work? - Answer✔✔-Inhibit


-Viral RNA and DNA synthesis


-Viral enzymes


-Viral binding to cells


- Production of capsids of new viruses


Bacterial endotoxins come from_______________.


A. The lipids from the outer membrane of a Gram negative bacterial cell wall


B. Proteins from Gram positive bacteria


C. Viruses


D. None of the above - Answer✔✔-A. The lipids from the outer membrane of a Gram negative

bacterial cell wall.


True or False: All interactions between humans and microorganisms are detrimental. -

Answer✔✔-False, some microorganisms perform important functions for their human hosts,

like producing vitamins, assisting digestion, or preventing harmful pathogens from entering

host.


Which pathogen is an intracellular parasite consisting of a protein coat surrounding a nucleic

acid?



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