EMILLECT 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR ©2024 EMILLECT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER, 2024
NU 578 Unit 2 drugs Study Guide with
Complete Solutions
Donepezil Side Effects - Answer✔✔-bradycardia, diarrhea, GI upset,
Donepezil - Answer✔✔-cholinesterase inhibitor. causes reversible inhibition. used for mild to
moderate AD. PO. Highly protein bound and has prolonged hold life (60 hours). takes 15 days to
achieve steady state. can cause peripheral cholinergic SE. initial dose for 1-3 mo to avoid SE.
Cholinesterase inhibitors for AD - Answer✔✔-DO not use if patient has hx of respiratory or PUD.
caution with patients with bradycardia and heart block. watch for falls, encourage snacks to
prevent weight loss.
At each visit: assess cognition, orientation, functional status. weight, respiratory status, heart gi
status.
Rivastigmine side effects - Answer✔✔-nausea, vomitting, abdominal pain, diarrhea, tremors,
anorexia, Gi upset, weight loss form GI upset. bradycardia, dizziness, fainting, available in patch!
no drug interactions bc no drug metabolizing enzymes.
Rivastigmine - Answer✔✔-approved for AD and dementia of PD. causes irreversible inhibition.
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,EMILLECT 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR ©2024 EMILLECT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER, 2024
memantine - Answer✔✔-NMDA receptor antagonist. modulates the effect of glutamate at the
NMDA receptors, reducing the destructive effect of this neurotransmitter in the brain. Reserved
for Moderate to severe AD.
usually used in combination with Donepezil.
MOA: blocks calcium influx when extracellular glutamate is low permits calcium influx when
extracellular glutamate is high.
Memantine Side Effects - Answer✔✔-Taken PO. Dizziness, headache, confusion. Dosage low and
then build up.
Sodium bicarb and other drugs that alkalinize the urine can great decrease renal excretion of
drug.
Caution when prescribing to its with heart dz, hepatic or renal impairment, and opthalmic dz.
What drug is used to treat Parkinsons? - Answer✔✔-Anticholinergic drugs or drugs with
anticholinergic side effects (like antidepressants). The goal is to increase dopamine in the brain.
Treatment palliative, not curative.
Levodopa - Answer✔✔-Crosses the BBB and is converted to dopamine. no longer sold as a
single formulation drug. always combined with Carbidopa. Combined because levodopa is
rapidly metabolized.
Selegeline - Answer✔✔-treats Parkinson's. Prevents dopamine breakdown by blocking MAO-B.
causes agitation and insomnia
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Pramipexole - Answer✔✔-used for parkinsons and other movement disorders. used alone in
early stages or combined with levodopa in later disease.
Side Effects: Sleep attacks, impulse control problems. Dopamine receptor agonist. do not
depend on enzymatic conversion to become activated. used alone in early stages and used with
levodopa in advanced stages. takes several weeks to develop. also used for restless leg
Morphine - Answer✔✔-pure opioid agonist. causes analgesia, sedation, euphoria, respiratory
depression, cough suppression, suppression of bowel motility, urinary retention, emesis, miosis,
biliary colic. 11 formulations of drug. extensive first pass effect. Schedule II drug
Morphine Use and Adverse Effects - Answer✔✔-Use: moderate to severe pain. best for dull
constant pain
Adverse Effects: respiratory depression, constipation, Orthostatic hypotension, urinary
retention, emesis, sedation, neurotoxicity, tolerance and physical dependence.
Fentanyl - Answer✔✔-strong opioid analgesic with high milligram potency. can be used for
surgical anesthesia, chronic pain control, control of break through pain on other opioids.
schedule II
Fentanyl adverse effects - Answer✔✔-respiratory depression, hypotension, urinary retention,
constipation, nausea, sedation. It is metabolized by CYP3A4 isoenzyme and can be increased by
those inhibitors
Transdermal fentanyl - Answer✔✔-slow release and reaches effective levels around 24 hours.
levels remain steady for 48 hours and then should be replaced. if a new patch is not applied,
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