Test Bank for Essentials of Pathophysiology 5th Edition
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Essentials of Pathophysiology 5th Edition
, 1. At an international nursing conference, many discussions and breakout sessions focusedon
the World Health Organization (WHO) views on health. Of the following commentsmade by nurses
during a discussion session, which statements would be considered agood representation of the WHO
definition? Select all that apply.A)Interests in keeping the elderly population engaged in such
activities as bookreviews and word games during social time
B)Increase in the number of chair aerobics classes provided in the skilled carefacilities
C)Interventions geared toward keeping the elderly population diagnosed withdiabetes
mellitus under tight blood glucose control by providing in-home cookingclasses
D)Providing transportation for renal dialysis patients to and from their hemodialysissessions
E)Providing handwashing teaching sessions to a group of young childrenAns: A, B, C, E
Rationale
The WHO definition of health is defined as “a state of complete physical, mental, andsocial well-
being and not merely the absence of disease and infirmity.” Engaging inbook reviews facilitates
mental and social well-being; chair aerobics helps facilitatephysical well-being; and assisting with
tight control of diabetes helps with facilitatingphysical well-being even though the person has a
chronic disease. Handwashing is vitalin the prevention of disease and spread of germs.
2. A community health nurse is teaching a group of recent graduates about the largevariety of
factors that influence an individual's health or lack thereof. The nurse isreferring to the Healthy
People 2020 report from the U.S. Department of Health andHuman Services as a teaching example.
Of the following aspects discussed, whichwould be considered a determinant of health that is outside
the focus of this report?A)The client has a diverse background by being of Asian and Native
Americandescent and practices various alternative therapies to minimize effects of stress.
B) The client has a family history of cardiovascular disease related tohypercholesterolemia
and remains noncompliant with the treatment regime.
C) The client has a good career with exceptional preventative health care benefits.
D) The client lives in an affluent, clean, suburban community with access to manyhealth care
facilities.
Ans: B
Rationale
In Healthy People 2020, the focus is to promote good health to all (such as using alternative therapies
to minimize effects of stress); achieving health equity and promoting health for all (which includes
having good health care benefits); and promoting good health (which includes living in a clean
community with good access to health care). A client's noncompliance with treatments to control
high cholesterol levels within the presence of a family history of CV disease does not meet the
“attaining lives free of preventable disease and premature death” determinant.
Essentials of Pathophysiology 5th Edition
, 3. A physician is providing care for a number of patients on a medical unit of a large,
university hospital. The physician is discussing with a colleague the differentiation between diseases
that are caused by abnormal molecules and diseases that cause disease. Which of the following
patients most clearly demonstrates the consequences of molecules that cause disease? A) A 31-year-
old woman with sickle cell anemia who is receiving a transfusion of packed red blood cells
B) A 91-year-old woman who has experienced an ischemic stroke resulting from familial
hypercholesterolemia
C) A 19-year-old man with exacerbation of his cystic fibrosis requiring oxygen therapy and
chest physiotherapy
D) A 30-year-old homeless man who has Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) and is HIV
positive.
Ans: D
Rationale
PCP is an example of the effect of a molecule that directly contributes to disease. Sickle cell anemia,
familial hypercholesterolemia, and cystic fibrosis are all examples of the effects of abnormal
molecules.
4. A member of the health care team is researching the etiology and pathogenesis of a
number of clients who are under his care in a hospital context. Which of the following aspects of
clients' situations bNesUt RchSaIraNctGerTizBe.s CpaOthMogenesis rather than etiology? A) A
client who has been exposed to the Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacterium
B) A client who has increasing serum ammonia levels due to liver cirrhosis
C) A client who was admitted with the effects of methyl alcohol poisoning
D) A client with multiple skeletal injuries secondary to a motor vehicle accident Ans: B
Rationale
Pathogenesis refers to the progressive and evolutionary course of disease, such as the increasing
ammonia levels that accompany liver disease. Bacteria, poisons, and traumatic injuries are examples
of etiologic factors.
Essentials of Pathophysiology 5th Edition
, 5. A new myocardial infarction patient requiring angioplasty and stent placement has arrived
to his first cardiac rehabilitation appointment. In this first session, a review of the pathogenesis of
coronary artery disease is addressed. Which statement by the patient verifies to the nurse that he has
understood the nurse's teachings about coronary artery disease? A) “All I have to do is stop smoking,
and then I won't have any more heart attacks.”
B) “My artery was clogged by fat, so I will need to stop eating fatty foods like French fries
every day.”
C) “Sounds like this began because of inflammation inside my artery that made it easy to
form fatty streaks, which lead to my clogged artery.”
D) “If I do not exercise regularly to get my heart rate up, blood pools in the veins causing a
clot that stops blood flow to the muscle, and I will have a heart attack.”
Ans: C
Rationale
The true etiology/cause of coronary artery disease (CAD) is unknown; however, the pathogenesis of
the disorder relates to the progression of the inflammatory process from a fatty streak to the occlusive
vessel lesion seen in people with coronary artery disease. Risk factors for CAD revolve around
cigarette smoking, diet high in fat, and lack of exercise.
6. A 77-year-old man is a hospital inpatient admitted for exacerbation of his chronic
obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and a respiratory therapist (RT) is assessing the client for the
first time. WhichNUofRtSheIfNolGloTwBin.gCaOspMects of the patient's current state of health
would be best characterized as a symptom rather than a sign? A) The patient's oxygen saturation is
83% by pulse oxymetry.
B) The patient notes that he has increased work of breathing when lying supine.
C) The RT hears diminished breath sounds to the patient's lower lung fields bilaterally.
D) The patient's respiratory rate is 31 breaths/minute. Ans: B
Rationale
Symptoms are subjective complaints by the person experiencing the health problem, such as
complaints of breathing difficulty. Oxygen levels, listening to breath sounds, and respiratory rate are
all objective, observable signs of disease.
Essentials of Pathophysiology 5th Edition
