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BIO 111 Lab Final Exam TAMU Questions And Answers 100% Solved | Graded A+
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BIO 111 Lab Final Exam TAMU Questions And Answers 100% Solved | Graded A+
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BIO 111 Lab Final Exam TAMU Questions AndAnswers 100% Solved | Graded A+
How did multiplex PCR help in our analysis versus just using a single pair of primers? - ✔✔A single
pair would not allow you to distinguish between samples/individuals with a high degree of certainty
Why are DNA ladders (standards) important? - ✔✔They are used to determine the sizes of bands
in other DNA samples. Thus, we are able to compare them.
difference between homozygous and heterozygous gene on a gel - ✔✔homozygote will have one
band at a particular loci and a heterozygote will have two bands at a particular loci
purpose of using SYBR green in the gels? - ✔✔SYBR Green binds to DNA and fluoresces when exposed
to the right wavelength of light. This makes the separated bands visible.
purpose of pouring the buffer in the electrophoresis chamber? - ✔✔Buffer controls the net charge
of molecules by maintaining the pH at nearly neutral. This facilitates proper migration and
separation of DNA molecules.
what is the central dogma of gene expression? - ✔✔The central dogma states that genes specify
the sequence of mRNAs, which in turn specify the sequence of amino acids making up all protein
transcription - ✔✔DNA from a gene sequence is copied to mRNA
translation - ✔✔directs the synthesis of proteins
, name of primary enzyme used in gene expression lab? Where does it come from? - ✔✔ -galactosidase
is an enzyme is E. coli that is encoded by the LacZ gene when E. coli needs to break down lactose
what are the components of the lac operon and what do they do? - ✔✔- Operon: is a functioning unit of
DNA containing a cluster of genes under the
- RNA polymerase: needed to start transcription and produce mRNA
- Promoter: the binding site for RNA polymerase
- Operator: negative regulatory site that the repressor can bind to
- CAP site: positive regulatory site that catabolite activator protein (CAP) can bind to
- Repressor: when the repressor is bound it blocks RNA polymerase and prevents the production
of mRNA (so no production of proteins)
lac operon has 3 genes that help the cell utilize lactose: - ✔✔lacZ - encodes β-galactosidase enzyme,
which splits lactose into monosaccharides
lacY-encodes lactose permease protein, which is a transmembrane "pump" that allows the cell to import
lactose
lacA-encodes transacetylase enzyme
E. coli makes B-gal to breakdown what sugar? - ✔✔lactose
Expression of the LacZ gene causes the production of what enzyme? - ✔✔ -gal
How can ONPG be used to measure optimal growth conditions for the expression of LacZ? -
✔✔Because -gal also breaks down ONPG and one of the products of this reaction has a yellow color
(ortho-nitrophenol), we can investigate the regulation of LacZ transcription by observing the rate of
color change in the tubes. Presence of yellow color would mean that -gal was produced, thus LacZ
would be expressed.
How does LacZ/B-gal expression influence activity? If LacZ/B-gal
expression is high/low, how quickly do you think ONPG will be broken down into galactose and o-
nitrophenol? - ✔✔If LacZ/ -gal expression was high, ONPG would be broken down quickly because
there would be more enzymes available.
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