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Nervous System Anatomy and
Physiology, Nervous system Exam
Questions and Answers 100% Solved
spinal cord - ✔✔a long, thin, tubular bundle of nervous tissue and support
cells that extends from the medulla oblongata in the brainstem to the
lumbar region of the vertebral column
cerebellum - ✔✔a major feature of the hindbrain responsible for body
movements and balance
cerebrum - ✔✔the principal and most anterior part of the brain in
vertebrates, located in the front area of the skull and consisting of two
hemispheres, left and right, separated by a fissure
midbrain - ✔✔relays sensory and motor impulses; serves important
functions in motor movement, particularly movements of the eye, and in
auditory and visual processing.
pons - ✔✔part of the brain stem, assists with regulation of breathing
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medulla oblongata - ✔✔part of brain stem, regulates heart rate, blood
pressure, and breathing, and controls the reflexes of coughing, sneezing,
and vomiting
pituitary gland - ✔✔a pea-sized structure located at the base of the brain,
just below the hypothalamus, to which it is attached via nerve fibers. It is
part of the endocrine system and produces critical hormones, which are
chemical substances that control various bodily functions
hypothalamus - ✔✔lower portion of diencephalon which acts as an
autonomic center regulating metabolism, heart rate, blood pressure, thirst,
hunger, energy level, and body temperature
thalamus - ✔✔middle portion of diencephalon which relays sensory
impulses up to the sensory cortex (aka the cerebrum); regulates sleep and
consciousness
epithalamus - ✔✔upper portion of diencephalon that regulates hormones
secreted by the pineal gland. The pineal gland produces melatonin, a
serotonin derived hormone which modulates sleep patterns
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striatum - ✔✔structure lying at the base of the forebrain which is a critical
component of the motor and reward systems. Coordinates decision-
making, motivation, and reinforcement.
corpus callosum - ✔✔a thick band of nerve fibers that divides the cerebral
cortex lobes into left and right hemispheres and acts as the connection
between the two.
meninges - ✔✔three layers of protective tissue between the brain and skull
frontal lobe - ✔✔cerebrum lobe responsible for memory, intelligence,
behavior, emotions, motor function, and smell
occipital lobe - ✔✔cerebrum lobe responsible for vision and speech
parietal lobe - ✔✔lobe responsible for somatic sensations (pain, touch,
temperature perception), and speech
temporal lobe - ✔✔lobe responsible for hearing, smell, memory, speech,
and emotion
brain stem - ✔✔Portion of brain that contains the pons, medulla oblongata,
and the beginning of the spinal cord, controls the flow of messages
between the brain and the rest of the body, and it also controls basic body
functions
