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PCB 3703 Exam 1 SARC Study Guide: Complete Study Set (100% Accurate)
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PCB 3703 Exam 1 SARC Study Guide: Complete Study Set (100% Accurate)
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PCB 3703 Exam 1 SARC Study Guide: Complete StudySet (100% Accurate)
1.) What are the 3 main structures of the cell (be able to describe each)?
Right Ans - Cell membrane, cytoplasm and nucleus.
Cell membrane:
STRUCTURE: lipid bilayer. Integral proteins work as receptor for hormones
such as insulin. Peripheral proteins separate cell membrane from cytoplasm.
Function: Protects cell, contains ion channels, diffusion and transport.
Cytoplasm:
Contains fluid and granules (organelles0
Between nucleus and membrane
Nucleus: Contains DNA and RNA and regulates cell activity
2.) What are the two main types of membrane proteins and which is most
common? Right Ans - 1. Integral proteins (most common)
-Extend entirely through membrane
-Act as receptors
2. Peripheral proteins
-Mainly on cytoplasmic side
-Support cytoplasmic side by a network of filaments
3.) What are the 3 main types of transport across the membrane (be able to
describe each)? Right Ans - 1. Passive transport
-Diffusion
- No ATP required
- Uncharged and fat soluble molecules (O2 and CO2)
2. Active Transport
- ATP Required
- Substances move from high concentration to low concentration
-large water-soluble or charged molecules
3. Bulk Transport
-Exocytosis and Endocytosis
- Large particles and macromolecules
,4.) How do vesicle membranes bind to the plasmalemma during exocytosis?
Right Ans - Proteins extending from the vesicle membrane vSNAREs, bind
with plasma membrane proteins, the tSNAREs (t for target), this causes the
lipid layers of the vesicle and cell membrane to join together.
5.) Name the 3 types of endocytosis and describe each. Which is associated
with the endocytosis of certain hormones and cholesterol? Right Ans -
**Receptor mediated endocytosis**
Phagocytosis- cell-eating
Pinocytosis- cell-drinking
6.) Why do high levels of low density lipoprotein lead to increased incidences
of heart attack and stroke? Right Ans - Because it prevents cholesterol from
entering the cells, so it builds up in the blood.
7.) Describe the function of DNA, mRNA, rRNA, ribosomes, and tRNA. Right
Ans - DNA- hold genetic information
mRNA- that attaches to ribosomes in the cytoplasm and specifies the primary
structure of a protein
rRNA- associates with proteins to form ribosomes in the cytoplasm
tRNA- functions as an interpreter between nucleic acid and protein language
by picking up specific amino acids and recognizing the appropriate codons in
the mRNA
Ribosome- Makes proteins
8.) Which organelle is mainly involved in the synthesis of ATP? Right Ans -
Mitochondria
9.) Which organelle is involved in the synthesis of molecules like testosterone,
androgen, and estrogen? Right Ans - Smooth ER
10.) Which organelle performs post-translational modifications on proteins
and is involved in the packaging and shipping of molecules? Right Ans -
Golgi Apparatus
11.) Tay-sachs disease is a lysosomal disorder that causes metal retardation,
blindness, muscle spasms, and death in infants. What is the mechanism of this
disease? Right Ans - Ganglioslide GM2 builds up in tissues and nerve cells
in the brain. The body lacks the enzymes in lysosomes needed to breakdown
, glycolipids. Glycolipids accumulate in the cell membrane and on neurons. This
causes retardation, blindness, spastic movements and death by age 1.5
12.) Describe Gaucher's disease. Differentiate the 3 types. Right Ans - The
lack of the glucocerebrosidase enzyme causes harmful substances to build up
in the liver, spleen, bones, and bone marrow. The substances prevent cells and
organs from working properly.
1.Type 1 disease is most common. It involves bone disease, anemia, an
enlarged spleen and thrombocytopenia. Type I affects both children and
adults.
2.Type 2 disease usually begins in infancy with severe neurologic
involvement. This form can lead to rapid, early death.
3.Type 3 disease may cause liver, spleen, and brain problems. Patients may
live into adulthood.
Symptoms of Gauchers Right Ans - Bone pain and fractures
Enlarged spleen
Enlarged liver Lung disease
Seizures
13.) Describe microtubules, microfilaments, the centrosome, and centrioles.
Right Ans - Microtubules: Used in cell diffusion. Give the cell its shape and
organize transport of organelles within the cytoplasm
Microfilaments Right Ans - Fine filaments of actin. Actin interacts with
myosin and generates contractile forces within the cell. Involved in muscle
contraction
Centrosome Right Ans - Spherical structure in cytoplasm near the nucleus.
Consists of an outer cloud of protein called matrix and an inner pair of
centrioles. Matrix is involved in elongation of microtubules and spindles of
microtubules during mitosis.
Centrioles Right Ans - Composed of nine triplets of microtubules. Organize
microtubule spindle network during mitosis and form base of cilia and
flagella.
16.) Differentiate the Gap 1, synthetic, and Gap 2 phases. Right Ans - G1:
Growing and synthesizing organelles and protein
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