BSC 2085 EXAM #2 YUNG SU FSU QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 2024/2025
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Course
BSC 2085
Institution
BSC 2085
The Skeletal System
→ bones of the skeleton, cartilages, ligaments, and connective tissues
5 Primary Functions of the Skeletal System
→ 1. support
→ 2. storage of minerals and lipids
→ 3. blood cell production
→ 4. protection
→ 5. leverage
Support
→ structural support for the...
→ (force of movement) allows body movement when skeletal muscles contract
Sutural Bones
→ small, flat, oddly shaped bones found between the flat bones of the skull. They range
in size from a grain of sand to a quarter. Their borders are like pieces of a jigsaw
pule.zz
Irregular Bones
→ complex shaped bones with short, flat, notched, or ridged surfaces. The vertebrae that
form the spinal column, the bones of the pelvis, and several bones in the skull are this
type of bone.
Short Bones
→ bones that are ox like in appearance. Examples include the carpal bones (wrists) and
tarsal bones (ankles).
Flat Bones
→ bones that have thin, parallel surfaces. They form the roof of the skull, the sternum
(breastbone), the ribs, and the scapulae (shoulder blades). They provide protection for
underlying soft tissues and offer an extensive surface area for the attachment of
skeletal muscles.
Long Bones
→ bones that are relatively long and slender. They are located in the arm and forearm,
thigh and leg, palms, soles, fingers, and toes. The femur, one of these bones of the
thigh, is the largest and heaviest bone in the body.
Sesamoid Bones
→ bones that are usually small, round, and flat. They are found near joints of the knees,
hands, and feet. Few people have these at every possible location, but everyone has
patellae (a small shallow dish) or kneecaps.
→ small channels that connects lacunae to each other and to blood vessels of the central
canal (form pathways for blood vessels for exchange of nutrients and wastes)
Periosteum
→ -covers outer surfaces of bones
→ -consists of outer fibrous and inner cellular layers
Bone Matrix
→ composed of minerals (2/3's calcium) and matrix proteins (1/3 protein fibers
'collagen')
→ -mesenchymal stem cells that divide to produce osteoblasts
→ -located in the endosteum (lines the medullary cavity and passageway for blood
vessels found in the matrix of compact bone) and the inner cellular layer of periosteum
→ -important in fracture repair
Osteoblasts
→ •immature bone cells that secrete matrix compounds (osteogenesis)
→ •When these cells become surrounded by bone, they become osteocytes
Osteoid
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