What are the forces that drive development?
→ biological processes, environmental events, or a combo of both
changes in the amount or quantity of what you are measuring(ex: children grow they get
taller, learn new words, and acquire more factual knowledge)
→ Quantitative Change
changes in...
ABSC 160 Exam 1 Questions and
Answers 2024/2025
What are the forces that drive development?
→ biological processes, environmental events, or a combo of both
changes in the amount or quantity of what you are measuring(ex: children grow they get
taller, learn new words, and acquire more factual knowledge)
→ Quantitative Change
changes in the overall nature of what you are examining(ex: walking is different from
crawling, and thinking about abstract concepts such as justice or fairness is different from
knowing something more concrete, such as capitals)
→ Qualitative Change
What are the tenets of developmental theory?
→ 1. development is continuous
→ 2. development is not a constant, even process
→ 3. development is non-linear
→ 4. description is not enough, need an explanation
→ 5. nature and nurture play a role
judging the validity of a claim based on objective empirical evidence
→ Skepticism
collection of beliefs or practices mistakenly regarded as being based on scientific method;
claims of effectiveness based on established scientific evidence, when in fact there is no
evidence or evidence is misinterpreted; use of testimonial or anecdotes; claims that are
unfalsifiable
→ Pseudoscience
same pathway can lead to different outcomes(ex: children who are victims of abuse can have
many different long-term outcomes that can include depression but also resiliency and healing)
→ Multifinality
different pathways can result in the same outcome(ex: depression may result from biological
and genetic processes, but it also can result from early traumatic experiences)
→ Equifinality
What are the canalization of genes?
→ degree to which the expression of a gene is influenced by the environment
What are the activities of a "good" consumer of developmental information?
→ -know the source of your info
→ -examine the evidence
→ -question authority
→ -become a critical thinker
→ -beware of making generalizations
→ -be aware of perceptual bias
→ -question "common sense"
describes factors responsible for scientific observations
How can you tell a good theory from a bad theory?(criteria for judging developmental
theories)
→
Why is peer review important?
→ process by which professional peers critique research and make suggestions for
improvement prior to its publication or dissemination
variable in an experiment that the researcher manipulates; have control over this; "what do i
change"; presumed cause
→ independent variable
outcome of interest to the researcher that is measured at the end of an experiment; observed
results; "what do i observe"; presumed effect
→ dependent variable
→ confounding variable
what happens; want to give an account of an event
→ description
why and how it happens; allows prediction and control
→ explanation
treating a hypothetical construct as real
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