Exam 3 NR 341 Complex adult health
Study Guide
Renal Failure - Answer-Occurs when kidneys cannot remove the body's metabolic wastes or
perform regulatory functions.
Acute Kidney Injury - Answer-rapid loss of renal function due to damage to the kidneys
Causes of AKI - Answer-Hypovolemia
Hypote...
AKI intrarenal causes - Answer✔✔-Acute tubular necrosis (ATN)
Prolonged renal ischemia
Nephrotoxic agents
Infectious process
AKI postrenal causes - Answer✔✔-Urinary tract obstruction
Tumors, calculus (stones)
AKI phases - Answer✔✔-Onset - initial problem
Oliguria - urine output <400ml/24 hrs, accompanied by increase in serum concentration of
substances usually excreted by kidneys
Diuresis - gradual increase in urine output, daily urine output 1-3 L per day (due to osmotic
diuresis) signals that filtration has started to recover, kidneys have recovered ability to excrete
wastes but not to concentrate the urine, observe closely for hyponatremia, hypokalemia,
dehydration
Recovery - signals the improvement of renal function (increasing GFR), may take 3-12 months
AKI symptoms - Answer✔✔-Lethargic
Drowsiness
Headache
Muscle twitching
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