hpex 358 epidemiology midterm Exam Questions With Complete Solutions
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Hpex 358 epidemiology
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Hpex 358 Epidemiology
hpex 358 epidemiology midterm Exam Questions With Complete Solutions
determinants - Answer-a collective or individual risk factor that is causally related to a health condition, outcome, or other defined characteristic (how & why)
-ex:
/.exposure - Answer-pertain either to contact with a dis...
determinants - Answer-a collective or individual risk factor that is causally related to a
health condition, outcome, or other defined characteristic (how & why)
-ex:
/.exposure - Answer-pertain either to contact with a disease-causing factor or to amount
of the factor that impinges upon a group or individuals
-ex:
/.outcome - Answer-all the possible results that may stem from exposure to a casual
factor (expressed as morbidity and mortality)
-ex:
/.endemic - Answer-the occurence in a community or region of cases of ana illness,
specific health-related behavior, or other health-related events clearly in excess of
normal expectancy
-ex: common flu or malaria
/.a single case of a disease may represent an endemic - Answer-true
/.epidemic is not limited to communicable disease - Answer-true
/.pandemic - Answer-an epidemic occurring worldwide, or over a very wide area,
crossing international boundaries, and usually affecting a large number of people
-ex: spanish flu and covid-19
/.epidemiology - Answer-study of the distribution and determinants of health-related
states/events in specified populations and the application of this study to control health
problems
/.key characteristics of epidemiology - Answer--population focus
-distribution
-determinants
-epxosures & outcomes
-quantification
-control of health problems
/.difference between descriptive and analytic epidemiology - Answer--descriptive:
characterizing the amount and distribution of health and disease within a population
-analytic: examines causal (etiologic) hypotheses between the association of exposures
and health conditions
/.hippocrates - Answer--departed from superstitious reasons for disease outbreak
-suggested disease might be associated with environmental factors
/.paracelsus - Answer--one of the founders of toxicology
-contributed to the dose-response relationship
/.edward jenner - Answer-developed a method for smallpox vaccination in 1796
/.john snow - Answer--father of epidemiolgy
-innovated several of the key epidemiological methods that remain today
-believed cholera was transmitted by contaminated water
/.snow's natural experiment - Answer--observered that a severe outbreak of cholera was
concentrated in Broad Street near a water pump
-compared death rates in households by 2 rival water companies
-rate of cholera death was 8.5 times higher in houses supplied by one company
/.robert koch - Answer--verified human diseases are caused by specific living organisms
-identified the causes of cholera, antrax, and tuberculosis
-koch's postulates demonstrated the association between a microorganism and a
disease
/.epidemiologic transition - Answer-a shift in the patterns of morbidity and mortality from
causes related primarily to infectious and communicable diseases to causes associated
with chronic, degenerative diseases
/.population - Answer-a collection of people who share the same common observable
characteristics
-ex:
/.parameter - Answer-a variable for describing a characteristic of a population
-ex: average number of the population (pop. mean)
/.representativeness - Answer-The degree to which characteristics of the sample
correspond to the characteristics of the population from which the sample was chosen
/.sample - Answer-a subgroup that has been selected, by using one of several methods,
from the population
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