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PT 623 - Myelodysplasia (Spina Bifida) Exam
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PT 623 - Myelodysplasia (Spina Bifida) ExamWhat is myelodysplasia? - ANSWER defective development of any part of the spinal cord
related to abnormal neurulation or canalization
What is the most common neural tube defect in the US? - ANSWER myelodysplasia
What is spina bifida occulta? - ANSWER spinal cord does not protrude, tufts of hair are
found at the site of neural tube defect, no neurological defects
What is spina bifida meningocele? - ANSWER spinal cord is normal, but meninges
protrude through opening, rare to see neurological defects
What is spina bifida myelomeningocele? - ANSWER spinal cord and meninges are
damaged and protrude into opening, permanent neurological damage
What are the etiologies of spina bifida? - ANSWER - genetic problems
- exposure to hazardous chemicals and other substances
- maternal lack of proper vitamin B-9 (folic acid) and nutrients in the diet in 1st trimester
- infection
- prescription drugs (ex. valproic acid)
- alcohol consumption
What are the MSK impairments that are seen with myelodysplasia? - ANSWER - spinal
deformities (scoliosis, kyphosis,. hyperlordosis)
- hip dislocation/subluxation
- foot deformities (ex. clubfoot)
- contractures
, - osteoporosis
How is the motor level of myelodysplasia named? - ANSWER by the lowest intact,
functional neuromuscular segment
What are the neuromuscular impairments seen with myelomeningocele? - ANSWER -
motor paralysis
- sensory deficits
- neurogenic bowel and bladder
- spasticity
- hydrocephalus
- arnold-chiari malformation
- tethered cord
What are the signs/symptoms of a shunt malfunciton? - ANSWER - headache
- irritability
- fever
- nausea
- vision or speech changes
- changes in balance and postural stability
What are the signs and symptoms of the Chiari malformation? - ANSWER - ataxia
- changes in bowel and bladder control
- hypertonicity
- changes in UE function
What is the Arnold-Chiari Type II malformation? - ANSWER protrusion or movement of
the brainstem caudally
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