Summary
Summary AMH 2010 Exam 3 Study Guide
- Course
- AMH 2010
- Institution
- Florida Atlantic University
This is a comprehensive and detailed study guide on Exam 3 for AMH 2010.
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AMH 2010Exam 3 Study Guide
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13th Amendment This was created in 1865 and its main objective was to grant freedom to
former slaves. The emancipation proclamation was a wartime order created during the Civil War
that only freed enslaved people in the confederate states, but it was not binding because it did not
hold any legal power. The 13th Amendment, on the other hand, offered freedom to all former
slaves in the United States. It was passed after Civil War but before the southern states were
completely reintegrated to the Union.
Andrew Johnson After Abraham Lincoln was assassinated, Andrew Johnson, his vice
president, becomes president of the United States in 1865. He was a democrat from Tennessee
who stayed with the union during the secession and supported reconciliation after the war ended.
During the presidential reconstruction, he authorized the southern states to create new
governments and gave back all the land held by the government to its pre-war owners. This made
it increasingly difficult for former slaves to be autonomous. Later on, the government tried to
impeach him because he did not want former slaves to be free and have rights, but it failed.
Charles Sumner He was a senator from Massachusetts who made a speech in the senate,
naming some of the other senators who opposed the expansion of slavery. In 1856, Preston
Brooks, one of the senators he had referenced to in his speech, beat Sumner with his cane to the
point that his cane broke. After that, Sumner does not come back to the senate for three years
recovering from his injuries.
Congressional Reconstruction This was also called “radical reconstruction.” In this
reconstruction, Congress passed the First Civil Rights Act, which granted citizenship and equal
rights for all men in the United States in 1866. This act was actually vetoed by Johnson and then
overridden by Congress. In 1867, they passed the reconstruction act which divided the south into
five military districts that were ruled under the military and that provided universal manhood
suffrage. All the acts passed during this reconstruction were all created to reform the government
after the civil war, but they also caused an increase in tension between Congress and the
president.
Dred Scott v. Sanford Dred Scott was an enslaved man who in 1857 went to court to fight for
his freedom and gained it. However, two years later, the Supreme Court reverses its decision
which determines that people of African ancestry cannot be citizens of the United States whether
enslaved or free. This was created in order to prevent them from having the ability to sue others.
Later on, his previous master’s children pay for his freedom, but he sadly dies 9 months after
that.
Emancipation Proclamation This was created in 1863 and it stated that all enslaved people in
the confederate states were free. Additionally, Lincoln specifically only freed the slaves in the
south as the border states who also held slaves was helping the union and he did not want them
to leave. While this was a wartime order, it did not hold any legal power because Abraham
Lincoln was freeing people of another country with another president. However, this was
symbolic as it showed that slavery would end if the union won.
, AMH 2010
First Civil Rights Act In 1868, this act granted citizenship and equal rights for all men in the
United States. It was the predecessor of the 14th amendment, which gave all people born in the
United States, except Native Americans, citizenship. This act was vetoed by Andrew Johnson,
but then Congress overrode it.
Fugitive Slave Act This act was created in 1850 and was a national law that was supposed to
make people feel better after California was named a free state. It stated that all citizens had an
obligation to recover fugitive slaves and bring them back to their owners. These cases were dealt
with a commissioner who got twice as much money by bringing slaves back to slavery than
freeing them. This also created a movement where African Americans started moving to Canada
because of how dangerous it was getting.
Gettysburg Address This was spoken by Abraham Lincoln in Gettysburg. While being less
than two minutes, his speech was considered the most powerful speech of the time. In his speech,
he celebrates those who died, rededicates the people, and makes connections to the American
Revolution. He addresses how the promises made in the revolution may die and it’s up to them to
maintain them; if they allow the south to succeed, it will destroy what the founders have built up.
Harper’s Ferry In 1859, John Brown gets a group of heavily armed people and attack harper’s
ferry in Virginia. The purpose of the attack was to get the guns stored there, arm slaves, and get
them to freedom. This was the most daring attempt in creating rebellion. At first, when they get
rifles and take people as hostage they were successful. However, while they hope slaves in
surrounding areas will rise up and help, they don’t. In the end, they all get tried and sentenced.
After this raid, it became clear that a war was going to break out.
Harriet Tubman She was born in 1820 in Maryland as a slave. She worked in the household
and in the field. She later marries John Tubman, a free man. In 1849, she runs away because of
the possibility of being sold away from the plantation, which could lead to her never seeing her
husband or anyone else she knows again. She eventually returns to Maryland to help her sister
and her children escape to the north. She ended up doing 19 trips to the south and helped about
300 slaves escape to the north, which was extremely risky. A $40,000 reward was later placed on
her head if someone can capture her.
Indian Removal Act In 1830, this act was created by Andrew Jackson to move almost fifty
thousand Native Americans west of the Mississippi. While the Supreme Court says that the tribes
have a right to stay on their land, Jackson tells Georgia to ignore the Supreme Court and remove
the anyway. The removal of the natives is known as the Trail of Tears.
John Brown He was born in 1800. He was a Calvinist with a strong religious conviction. He
believed in predestination and felt that he was predestined to end slavery. He was an exceptional
figure in history as he had extremely radical ideas about equality and does not believe in peaceful
protest. After his capture at Harper’s Ferry, he takes the opportunity to get his message out. He
writes that what he did was right and that he would die for his beliefs. He believes that blood has
to be spilled in order to fix slavery. A month after his capture, he is executed. People all over the
United States knew about John Brown. The southerners were terrified of him and of future
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