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Psychology as a natural science Exam Study Guide with Complete Solutions

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Psychology as a natural science Exam Study Guide with Complete Solutions psyche (greek) - Ans:-soul logos - Ans:-to study William James - Ans:-went to Europe to learn about psychology dropped out of medical school came back to finish medical degree but never intended to use it became a profe...

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  • October 15, 2024
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  • 2024/2025
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GraceAmelia
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Psychology as a natural science Exam
Study Guide with Complete Solutions

psyche (greek) - Ans:✔✔-soul


logos - Ans:✔✔-to study


William James - Ans:✔✔-went to Europe to learn about psychology


dropped out of medical school


came back to finish medical degree but never intended to use it


became a professor in Havard uni for psuchology


wrote The principles of psychology


psychology - Ans:✔✔-is the study of mind and behavior


mind - Ans:✔✔-the private inner experience of perceptions , thoughts memories and feelings

an ever flowing steam of consciousness


behavior - Ans:✔✔-refers to the observable actions of human beings and nonhuman animals


Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fmri) - Ans:✔✔-allows scientist to scan a brain to

determine which parts are active when person reads a word or sees a face learns a new skill

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RESERVED. FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER, 2024

form follows function - Ans:✔✔-to learn how something works learn what it is made for


pereception - Ans:✔✔-allows us to recognize our families see predators


language - Ans:✔✔-allows us to organize our thoughts and communicate them to othrs


memory - Ans:✔✔-allows us to avoid solving the same problems when we see them again


emotions - Ans:✔✔-allow us to react quickly to events that have life or death significance


structuralists - Ans:✔✔-tried to analyze the mind by breaking it down into its basic components


functionalists - Ans:✔✔-focused more on how the mental abilities aloow people to adapt to

their environemnt


nativism - Ans:✔✔-the philosophical view that certain kinds of knowledge are innate or inborn,

e.g are children born with the ability to speak or understand language


Plato was one of the ones in favor of it


philosophical empirical - Ans:✔✔-the view that all knowledge is aquired through experience


Arstotle was one in favor of it


Descartes(1596-1650) - Ans:✔✔-argued that the mind and body are different the body is made

of material things the mind is made immaterial things


suggested that the mind influences the body through a tiny structure in the lower brain known

as pineal gland
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Joseph Gall (1758-1828) - Ans:✔✔-thought brain and minds were connected . mental anility

increases with brain size


developed 'phrenology'- a now defunct teory that specific mental abilitie and charactericts

ranging from memory to the capacity of happiness , are localised in specific regions of the brain


hippocampus - Ans:✔✔-involved in memory


amygdala - Ans:✔✔-involved in fear


Marie jean pieerre flourens(1794-1867) - Ans:✔✔-compared animals with parts of brain

removed to those with complete brains


what was the usefulness of Hemholtsz's results - Ans:✔✔-He measured how long it takes

impulses to travel to the brain


structuralism - Ans:✔✔-the analysis of the basic elements that constitute the mind


stimulus - Ans:✔✔-sensory input from environment


Wundt - Ans:✔✔-Helmholtz assistant adopted structulism


introspection - Ans:✔✔-the subjective observation of one's own experience


functionalism - Ans:✔✔-the study of the purpose mentsl processes eservein enabling people to

adapt to their environment




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RESERVED. FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER, 2024

unlike structulism that studied the structures of mental processes functionalism set to

understand the functiokkns those mental processes served.


William James reasoned that mental abilities must have evolved becuase they were adaptive


natural selection - Ans:✔✔-the features of an organism that help it survive and reproduce are

more likely than other features to be passed on to subsequent generations


Karl Lashely - Ans:✔✔-tried to find the exact spot in the brain that allowed rats to learn by

removing them


behavioral neuroscience - Ans:✔✔-an approach to psychology that links psychological processes

tio activities in the nervous system and other bodily processes


cognitive neauroscience - Ans:✔✔-the field of study that attempts to understand the links

between cognitive processes and brain activity


evolutionary psychology - Ans:✔✔-explains mind and behavior in terms of the adaptive value of

anbilities that are preserved over time by natural selection


social psychology - Ans:✔✔-is the study of causes and consequences of sociality


Norman Triplett - Ans:✔✔-tested the performance of children in the presence of other children


cultural psychology - Ans:✔✔-the study of how cultures reflect and shape the psychological

processes of their members



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