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BSC 1010 Final Exam Summary

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This is a comprehensive and detailed summary on finals for BSC 1010. *Essential Study Material!!

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  • October 15, 2024
  • 22
  • 2019/2020
  • Summary
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anyiamgeorge19
ATP

Adenosine triphosphate. The energy currency of the cell.



Endomembrane System
A network of membranes inside and around a eukaryotic cell, related either through direct physical
contact or by the transfer of membranous vesicles.



oxidation
Loss of electrons



reduction

Any process in which electrons are added to an atom or ion (as by removing oxygen or adding hydrogen)



exergonic
A reaction that results in the release of free energy



endergonic

A chemical reaction that requires the input of energy in order to proceed.



chemiosmotic phosphorylation

protons move down their gradient through ATP synthase channels back into the matrix, and ADP is
phosphorylated to ATP



domain eukarya

Kingdom (Protists, Fungi, Plantae, Animalia)



domain protista

eukaryotes, unicellular, vary in size, usully microscopic

,domain bacteria

All single celled prokaryotic



valence
The electrons in the outermost shell (main energy level) of an atom; these are the electrons involved in
forming bonds.



atomic mass
The average mass of all the isotopes of an element



atomic weight

Mass of a single atom/= to the # of protons plus the # of neutrons in the nucleus (p+n)



properties of water
Adhesive, Cohesive, Retains Heat, surface tension, good solvent



pH scale

measurement system used to indicate the concentration of hydrogen ions (H+) in solution; ranges from 0
to 14



isotope

Atoms of the same element that have different numbers of neutrons



covalent bonds

Bonds that require SHARING of electrons



electronegativity

Atom's ability to attract and hold electrons.

, polar covalent bonds

Bonds in which electrons are not shared equally between atoms of different elements in a compound



ionic bonds
Bonds that require DONATING and ACCEPTING electron



hydrogen bonds

Very weak bonds; occurs when a hydrogen atom in one molecule is attracted to the electrostatic atom in
another molecule



carbohydrate

Broken down to simple sugars, building block of monosaccharides.



protein

A three dimensional polymer made of monomers of amino acids.

Structure is held together by covalent bonds such as: peptide bonds, which are made during the process
of protein biosynthesis or translation.



lipids

Energy-rich organic compounds, such as fats, oils, and waxes, that are made of carbon, hydrogen, and
oxygen. Relatively insoluble in water. Only soluble in ether because it is non polar.

2 kinds:

triglycerides: glycerol backbone, bonded to 3 fatty acids.

phospholipids: contain glycerol, fatty acids, phosphoric acids. Has a low molecular weight .Ex: Alcohol



triglycerides
3 Carbon chain double bonded to eachother with 3 double bonds attached, so it's 1 glycerol and 3 fatty
acids



sterols

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