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NSG 550 Week 5 Exam Questions And Correct Answers
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NSG 550 Week 5 Exam Questions And Correct AnswersAlpha1-antitrypsin deficiency - ANS Genetic disorder resulting in pulmonary [and
hepatic] disease, usually manifesting between 25-50 years with dyspnea, decreased
exercise tolerance, and wheezing. Smoking increases the rate of development of
emphysema.
Neutrophil elastase - ANS Enzyme released from white cells as part of an infection that
can also attack normal lung tissue and is responsible for alveolar destruction in
Alpha1-antitrypsin deficiency.
Alpha1-antitrypsin role A protein that protects the lung from neutrophil elastase. Its
deficiency causes emphysema and other types of damages to the lungs.
COPD screening for Alpha1-antitrypsin deficiency GOLD standards recommend that all
COPD patients are to be screened for Alpha1-antitrypsin deficiency.
ACE - Angiotensin-converting enzyme Converts angiotensin I into angiotensin II. This
results in constriction of the blood vessels which raise blood pressure.
ACE in lung protection - ANSWER ACE2 safeguards against acute lung injury in ARDS by
controlling the renal angiotensin system.
ARDS - ANSWER Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome; ACE2 may protect against
acute lung injury in this disease.
Pulmonary hypertension and RAS - ANSWER The renin-angiotensin system appears to
play a part in the pathogenesis of pulmonary hypertension and fibrosis.
ABG-Arterial Blood Gas ANSWER Measures oxygen, carbon dioxide and pH in the blood
to evaluate acid-base balance.
, Normal ABG pH ANSWER Normal pH in arterial blood gas is 7.35-7.45.
Normal PCO2 ANSWER Normal range of partial pressure of carbon dioxide in ABG is
35-45 mmHg.
Normal HCO3 ANSWER Normal range of bicarbonate in ABG is 18-22 mEq/L.
Tumor markers for cancers - ANSWER Substances produced by tumor cells; often
tested through biopsy for mutations that help in targeted cancer therapy.
EGFR - ANSWER Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor; one of the most common
mutations checked in non-small cell lung cancer as part of targeted therapy.
KRAS - ANSWER A genetic mutation known in cancer development, especially in lung
cancer; guiding targeted therapy.
ALK-ANSWER Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase; gene that is mutated in lung cancer and
tested to direct treatment.
Carbon dioxide content-ANSWER The CO2 level in the blood, mainly in the form of
bicarbonate, which acts as major buffer for maintaining acid/base homeostasis.
Carboxyhemoglobin-ANSWER A test to determine exposure to carbon monoxide; >30%
level constitutes serious poisoning.
Poisoning by carbon monoxide- ANSWER Administered 100% oxygen or hyperbaric
oxygen therapy in case of elevated levels of carboxyhemoglobin.
D-dimer- ANSWER It is a protein fragment. It is generated when a blood clot is
degraded. High D-dimer levels indicate the presence of clot formation. It is, however not
specific enough.
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