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Nur 170 Exam 5 Questions And Correct Answers

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Nur 170 Exam 5 Questions And Correct Answers...

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  • October 15, 2024
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  • Nur 170
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Nur 170 Exam 5 Questions And Correct Answers


Pathophysiology of pain - ANSWER Pain caused by peripheral nervous system

Made up of sensory and motor neurons

Synapses are made in spinal cord



Sensory neurons - ANSWER Perception of pain



Motor neurons - ANSWER Response to pain



Nociceptors - ANSWER Specialized receptors for pain



Where are nociceptors located? - ANSWER in all tissues except brain

Abundant in skin and muscles

Scant in viscera



Nociceptive pain - ANSWER is due to external stimulation of uninjured, intact nervous
system



Neuropathic Pain - ANSWER Caused by nerve malfunction or injuries resulting from
trauma, disease, chemicals, infections, and tumors

- May be due to damage of peripheral or central nerves



Pain Theories - ANSWER o Specificity Theory

o Peripheral Pattern Theory

o Gate Control Theory

,Specifity Theory - ANSWER Pain is a specific sensation that uses sensory neurons
separate from other sensations such as heat and touch.

- Pain is due to anatomical and physiological mechanisms



Peripheral pattern theory - ANSWER All the sensory nerve fiber endings are the same

- Pain when fibers are strongly excited

- Brain interprets the difference in signals



Gate control theory - Melzack and Wall, 1965 - ANSWER (most accepted theory)

Pain is a multimechanism perceptual experience which originates from an individual's
psychological & physiological factors

A gate in the spinal cord controls transmission of pain impulses to the brain



Gate control stimulation explained - ANSWER -Stimulation of small diameter (pain) fibers
causes gates to open

-Stimulation of larger diameter (heat, cold, mechanical) fibers causes gates to close



Amount of activity in small fibers vs large fibers controls perception of pain



Factors that control gates - ANSWER physical, emotional, behavioral



Overview of pain - ANSWER > Highly personal

> Both physical and emotional

> Depends on magnitude of stimuli, individual ability to transmit pain signals

> Depends on mental state

> Result of actual or potential tissue damage

,Pain can be described in terms of - ANSWER Location

Intensity

Quality

Duration



Location of pain - Where does it hurt? - ANSWER Classification of pain based on where it
is

- Radiation

- Referred



Radiation pain - ANSWER Spreads or extends to other areas



Referred pain - ANSWER Appears to originate from other parts of the body rather than
the source site



intensity of pain - ANSWER the measure of intensity of pain is rated from mild to severe



Standard 0-10



Pain scales - ANSWER Wong-Baker faces pain scale

FLACC pain scale

Observation or behavioral pain scales

Abbey pain scale

CRIES pain scale



Standard 0-10 scale - ANSWER - 1-4 = mild pain

- 5-6 = moderate pain

7-10 = worst pain

, Wong-Baker Faces Pain Scale - BEST Estimated for children > 3 yo or older

Confused older adults

FLACC pain scale -BEST Observation/ behavioral combination of score

For children < 3 yo

Observational or behavioral pain scale -BEST - Utilized to evaluate pain in patients who
are unable to verbalize needs

Nurse observes & rates patient behavior according to the descriptions provided



Abbey pain scale - ANSWER Used for dementia patients who are unable to verbalize
their pain



-Should be used as a movement bases assessment



Quality of pain - What does the pain feel like? Can you describe the pain? - ANSWER
words such as sharp, dull, cramping, stabbing, shooting, pulling, pinching, heavy,
tender, cold, itchy



Duration of pain - How long have you had the pain and how long does it usually last? -
ANSWER When the pain started and what the patient believed caused the pain

- Intermittent or continuous

- acute or chronic



Further assessments for pain - ANSWER o Vital signs

-Temperature

- Pulse

- Respiratory rate

- Blood pressure

o Inspection for injuries

o Palpation of specific location

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