Traditionally, nursing preparation was more commonly referred to as "training," and it is
not at all unusual for many nurses educated through the 1970s to continue referring to
their education as such. Why might this be a particularly problematic terminology given
advances in nursing science over the last 30 years?
A) On-the-job apprenticeships are less common now than they once were up through
the late 1970s and early 1980s.
B) It focuses on nurses doing things rather than thinking through and understanding
why they are doing them.
C) The majority of contemporary nurses complete a Master's level of education in
addition to their practice-based Bachelor's degree.
D) Over the past three decades, the education of nurses has shifted away from courses
taught by physicians in hospitals to courses taught by professors at universities. -
ANSWER B
Which of the following is the reason nursing scholars in the 1960s emphasized, in heavy
manner, a focus on the theoretical development of nursing as its own independent
discipline?
A) To support doctoral education for nurses that was discipline specific
B) To prove that the logical positivist approach was a poor fit for the discipline
C) To encourage and enhance the continued development of nursing science
D) To stimulate research by nurses in all areas, not just nursing science - ANSWER C
Which of the following provides the most compelling justification for regarding nursing
as a discipline of the professions but not as a university discipline?
A) "Nursing is an applied science. Its practice component puts an emphasis on service
provision by nurses rather than the generation of academic knowledge".
B) "Nursing is a discipline with unique content. It borrows very little from other
disciplines and, because of that, is beyond the realm of most academic programs in the
, sciences that recognize the sharing of ideas across disciplines."
C) "Nursing is a concept with an extensive unofficial history. People have been nursing
others since the Crusades, and this professional delivery of services predates formal
education about the profession."
D) "Nursing is a relative newcomer to advanced education. For many years, nurses
were educated or trained only at a Bachelor's level, and advanced practice therefore
has its roots in the profession itse - ANSWER A
Which of the following best captures Thomas Kuhn's proposed philosophy of science?
A) The philosophy of Science must tackle the conceptual and empirical problems of
Science and be no more than a problem-solving activity.
B) The focus of philosophy of science should be on the clarification of concepts and
analysis of concepts in light of theory development and synthesis.
C) Philosophy of science has to resolve conceptual problems in science, which are not
restricted to theory development.
D) Philosophy of science should look to the process of science rather than the product
of science through a disciplinary matrix called paradigm. -ANSWER D
The consensus statement constructed at the Knowledge Consensus Conference in
Boston in 1998 focused on the following areas except:
A) The nature of the human person
B) The role of nursing theory
C) The nature of the nurse as an individual
D) The links of each area of understanding to nursing practice - ANSWER C
In which field is there felt a need for paying more attention to?
A) Accepting pluralism
B) Relating feminism to modern trends
C) More empirical orientation in conceptual work
D) Development of theory - ANWER D
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