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Biology EOC Review Questions and Answers 100% Solved
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Exam of 13 pages for the course EOC at EOC (Biology EOC Review)
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Biology EOC Reviewactivation energy - answer energy needed to start a chemical reaction; lowered by
enzymes
active transport - answer movement of molecules across a membrane requiring energy
to be expended by the cell
adaptation - answer inherited characteristic that increases an organism's chance of
survival
allele - answer the different forms of a gene; could be dominant or recessive
amino acid - answer basic building blocks of proteins
analogous structures - answer structures that do not have a common evolutionary origin
but are similar in form or function
anaphase - answer the third phase of mitosis, during which the chromosome pairs
separate and move toward opposite poles
antibiotic - answer compound that blocks the growth and reproduction of bacteria
antibody - answer a substance produced by the body that destroys or inactivates a
pathogen that has entered the body
antigen - answer substance (usually foreign) that stimulates the production of an
antibody
archaea - answer domain of unicellular prokaryotes that have cell walls that do not
contain peptidoglycan
ATP - answer a nucleotide that stores and transfers energy within cells
autotroph - answer organism that can capture energy from sunlight or chemicals and
use it to produce its own food; also called a producer
bacteria - answer domain of unicellular prokaryotes that have cell walls containing
peptidoglycans
bacteriophage - answer virus that infects bacteria
, base deletion - answermutation which results in the loss of nucleotide pairs in a gene;
have a major effect on the resulting protein
base insertion - answermutation which results in the addition of nucleotide pairs in a
gene; have a major effect on the resulting protein
base-pair substitution - answera type of point mutation where one nucleotide and its
partner are replaced by another pair of nucleotides
behavioral adaptation - answeran inherited behavior that helps an organism survive; like
escaping from predators or find a mate
binary fission - answerasexual reproduction in prokaryotes by which one cell divides into
two identical cells
fetus - answeran unborn or unhatched vertebrate in the later stages of development
showing the main recognizable features of the mature animal
fever - answera rise in the temperature of the body
fitness - answerthe ability of an individual to survive and reproduce in its specific
environment
food chain - answera series of steps in which organisms transfer energy by eating and
being eaten
food web - answera diagram that shows the feeding relationships between organisms in
an ecosystem
fossil - answerthe remains (or an impression) of a plant or animal that existed in a past
geological age and that has been excavated from the soil
gamete - answeregg or sperm sex cell that contains a single set of chromosomes
(haploid), one from each homologous pair
gene - answersequence of DNA that codes for a protein and thus determines a trait
binomial nomenclature - answerClassification system in which each species is assigned
a two-part scientific name including the genus and species
biodiversity - answerthe variety of different species in a given area
biogeochemical cycle - answerprocess in which elements, chemical compounds, and
other forms of matter are passed from one organism to another and from one part of the
biosphere to another; like the carbon and nitrogen cycle
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