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GCU Bio 201 exam 2 study guide Questions With Complete Solutions.
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10/14/24, 5:53 PMGCU Bio 201 exam 2 study guide
Jeremiah
Terms in this set (122)
the potential can rise or fall in response to temporary changes in membrane
transmembrane potential
permeability.
Passive Channels also known as leak channels, these are always open
Open and close in response to stimuli
active channels
At resting potential, most gated channels are closed
action potential propagated short-lasting changes in transmembrane potential to conduct a signal.
depolarization to threshold, activation of NA+ channels, inactivation of Na+ channels
4 steps in generation of AP
and activation of K+ channels,returning to normal permeability
Refers to the fact that the action potential in the axon occurs either full-blown or not
all-or-none principle
at all.
the time following an action potential during which a new action potential cannot be
the refractory period
initiated
4 tissues of the human body epithelial, connective, muscular, nervous
Epithelial Tissue: Function protection, secretion, absorption, excretion
Epithelial Tissue: Characteristics cellularity, polarity, attachment, avascularity, regeneration
Membranes of neighboring cells are pressed together, preventing leakage of
tight junctions
extracellular fluid
Anchoring junctions that prevents cells subjected to mechanical stress from being
Desmosomes
pulled apart
gap junctions (communicating junctions) provide cytoplasmic channels between adjacent cells.
Function: Allows passage of materials by diffusion and filtration in sites where
protection is not important; secretes lubricating substances in serosae.
simple squamous epithelium
Location: Kidney glomeruli, air sacs of lungs, lining of heart, blood vessels, and
lymphatic vessels; lining of ventral body cavity(serosae)
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Function: secretion and absorption
simple cuboidal epithelium
Location: Kidney tubules; ducts and secretory portions of small glands, ovary
surface.
Function: Absorption; secretion of mucus, enzymes, and other substances; ciliated
type propels mucus by ciliated action.
simple columnar epithelium
Location: nonciliated type lines most of the digestive tract (stomach to anal canal),
gallbladder and excretory ducts of some glands; ciliated variety lines small bronchi,
uterine tubes, and some regions of the uterus.
Single layer but some cells shorter than others, often looks like a double layer.
Pseudostratified ciliated epithelium
Sometimes ciliated.
Function: found as protective covering where friction is common.
stratified squamous epithelium
Locations: skin, mouth, esophagus, anus, and vagina.
Function: protection
stratified cuboidal epithelium
Location: Largest ducts of sweat glands, mammary glands, and salivary glands.
Function: secrete gastric juices or tears
Stratified Coulmnar Epithelium
Location: salivary gland duct.
function: stretches readily and permits distension of urinary organ by contained urine
transitional epithelium
Location: lines the ureters, urinary bladder, and part of the urethra
Composed of cells specialized to produce and secrete substances into ducts or into
glandular epithelium
body fluids
endocrine glands Ductless glands that empty their hormonal products directly into the blood
exocrine glands Glands that secrete substances outward toward the epithelial surface through ducts.
apocrine glands secretes products by shedding cytoplasm
merocrine glands secrete their products by exocytosis as they are produced
holocrine glands accumulate their products within them until they rupture
connective tissue: function establish structural framework for the body, transport fluids and dissolved fluids,
connective tissue: characteristics variations in blood supply, extracellular matrix
mostly water along with adhesion proteins and polysaccharide molecules. Fills the
ground substance
space between cells and slows pathogen.
mast cells stimulate inflammation after injury or infection
Adipocytes fat cells that make up most of the subcutaneous layer
Stem cells that respond to injury or infection
mesenchymal cells
Differentiate into fibroblasts, macrophages, etc.
Melanocytes cells that produce melanin
The most abundant cell type
Fibroblasts
Found in all connective tissue
Found within the lymph nodes, they are phagocytes that destroy bacteria, cancer
Macrophages
cells, and other foreign matter in the lymphatic stream.
Flexible and "stretchy" fibers that add elasticity to tissue. Found in elastic ligaments
elastic fibers
or vertebrae such as skin and the outer ear.
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