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NURS 316 Midterm Exam Study Guide
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NURS 316 Midterm Exam Study Guide
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NURS 316 Midterm Exam Study GuidePharmacokinetics Correct Answer-How to drug is absorbed, distribution,
metabolism, and excretion. ADME
Pathophysiology Correct Answer-The physiology of altered health
-Deals with:
-cellular changes
-organ changes
-effects of these changes on total body function
-mechanism of the underlying disease
Etiology
Congenital/acquired
Idiopathic/iatrogenic Correct Answer-The study of the causes or reasons
for the disease.
-Congenital:The disease was present at birth
-Acquired: Disease was caused after birth. Infection, metabolic
problems, immune problem, hormonal problem, vascular (thrombus)
-Idiopathic: Don't know the exact cause. May only know risk factors.
Lupus, cancer
-Iatrogenic: Disease caused by health care professionals. Give too much
cortisol can result in Cushing's. Injections can lead to abscesses.
Pathogenesis
,Example of pathogenesis Correct Answer-Evolution of a disease from
the initial stimulus to the ultimate expression of the manifestations of the
disease: pathology and pathophysiology
Example: Hypertension patients can get left ventricular hypertrophy if
blood pressure not under control
Difference between pathophysiology and pathogenesis Correct Answer-
The main difference between pathophysiology and pathogenesis is that
pathophysiology describes the physiological process associated with a
particular disease or injury whereas pathogenesis describes the
development of the disease.
Symptoms Vs Signs Correct Answer-Symptoms: Patient's perception;
their feeling
Signs: Patient may not know there is something wrong but the signs
suggest otherwise. *blood pressure (pt unaware of high bp)
Both sign and symptoms= Hemoptysis (blood in sputum), and
Hematuria (blood in urine)
Clinical course (the evolution of a disease) Correct Answer--Latent
period/incubation period
-Prodromal period: Nonspecific signs and symptoms. General weakness,
lack of appetite. Don't know the disease yet.
-Sublinical
,-Acute/chronic
-Exacerbations and remissions
-Convalescence.
The diagnostic process requires Correct Answer--History taking
-Physical examination
-Diagnostic tests
Epidemiology Correct Answer-The study of disease in populations
How disease is spread
How to control disease
How to prevent disease
How to eliminate disease
Morbidity Correct Answer-describes the effects an illness has on a
person's life
Mortality Correct Answer-Pertains to the causes of death in a given
population
, Studies to determine risk factors Correct Answer-Cross-sectional studies
Case-control studies
Cohort studies
Cross-sectional studies: Correct Answer-use the simultaneous collection
of information necessary for classification of exposure and outcome
status
Smokers: Lung cancer? or No lung cancer?
Non-smokers: Lung cancer? or No lung cancer?
Case-control studies Correct Answer-compare case subjects to control
subjects
Disease: smoker? or non-smoker?
No disease
Cohort studies Correct Answer-involve groups of people born at the
time or who share some factor
Framingham study Correct Answer-Relationship between LDL and
HDL in relation to cardiac events and stroke
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