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AAMI BIOCHEMISTRY EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
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AAMI BIOCHEMISTRY EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
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AAMI BIOCHEMISTRY EXAMQUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Biochemistry - Answer-Studies structure organization & interaction of substances within
living matter
Chemical process of living organism
The study chemistry
"aka" biological/ physiological chemistry
Carbohydrates - Answer-Either aldehydes or ketone derivatives of poly-hydroxy alcohol
Result from oxidation of polyhydroxy alcohol (many OH group) - Answer-Carbohydrates
Named using suffix "ose" - Answer-Carbohydrates
Carbohydrates derived from "CHO" Aldehydes are called - Answer-Aldoses
Carbohydrates Derived from "CO" Ketones - Answer-Ketoses
Chemical nature of carb are organic compounds of 3 elements Carbon, Hydrogen,
Oxygen - Answer-Carbohydrates
H & O are always found in the same proportion: 2 H for every 1-Oxygen - Answer-
Carbohydrates
Class of compounds are associated with sugars and starches - Answer-Carbohydrates
2 major groups of Carbs - Answer-Aldose sugars
Ketose sugars
Aldose sugars - Answer-contain Aldehyde + POLYhydroxy Alcohol
(CHO) + (-OH )group
Ketose sugars - Answer-contain Ketone + POLYhydroxy Alcohol
"carbonyl" (C=O) + (-OH )group
carbs are produced by green plants
found in all living things
no chlorophyll
no synthesize of carb - Answer-Carbohydrates
green plants contain ______________ which synthesize CO2 & H2O - Answer-
CHLOROPHYLL
,produced thru the process called photosynthesis or the plant phase - Answer-
Carbohydrates
Photosynthesis (plant phases) - Answer-6CO2 (from air) + 6H20 (from soil) -----sunlight
and chlorophyll --> C6H12O6 (simple sugar) + 6O2 (returned to air)
The chlorophyll of green leaves makes simple sugar + oxygen is returned to air -
Answer-Photosynthesis (plant phases)
the opposing reaction to photosynthesis is - Answer-oxidation or animal phase
Photosynthesis & Oxidation - Answer-Are reverse reaction
(products of one are the reactants of another)
The result of metabolizing sugar and give off carbon dioxide & H2O as waste products
to obtain energy - Answer-Oxidation
All carbs are made up of - Answer-Units of sugar (saccharide)
3 main classes of carbohydrates - Answer-Monosaccharides
Disaccharides
Polysaccharide
Monosaccharides - Answer-1 sugar; aka simple sugar
Polysaccharide - Answer-many sugar; "complex" sugars or carbohydrates
Sweet tasting sugars - Answer-Monosaccharides
2 sugar "aka" simple sugar or simple carbohydrates - Answer-Disaccharides
Simplest carbohydrate which cannot be hydrolysed into smaller groups - Answer-
Monosaccharides
Glucose derived from greek word - Answer-"Sweet"
Not so good for appetite & blood glucose control - Answer-Monosaccharides
Good for rapid rise in blood sugar ideal for energy - Answer-Monosaccharides or Simple
Sugars
Although monosaccharides contain 1 sugar unit each unit may contain 3-7 C atoms in
their structure - Answer-Monosaccharides
Prefixes - Answer-are used to determine number of C atoms in saccharide
, Pentoses - Answer-5 carbon monosaccharide or sugar molecules
Hexoses - Answer-6 carbon monosaccharide or sugar molecules
Glucose "aka" - Answer-Dextrose/ Blood sugar /CH2OH
Primary form of sugar stored in blood &tissues of animals which supplies energy -
Answer-Glucose
Liquid energy receive "Fight or Flight" fuel stored in muscles and liver - Answer-
Glycogen (polysaccharide)
Have to do with nutrition
Excellent source of energy
Provide 4 Calories pr gram - Answer-Monosaccharides
Glucose - Answer-Occurs in nature from juices of fruit & tree sap
Known as blood sugar
Examples of Monosaccharides/ Aldose sugar - Answer-GLUCOSE
GALACTOSE
FRUCTOSE
Galactose- CH2OH - Answer-Found to be a constituent of brain & nerve tissue
Formed by hydrolysis of lactose or milk sugar - Answer-Galactose
Free in nature in sap of plants, honey, and most fruits - Answer-Fructose/ fruit sugar
Fructose/ fruit sugar: ketose - Answer-Sweetest of all sugar
Body converts fructose into - Answer-glucose
Have the same chemical formula - Answer-glucose & fructose
Disaccharides - Answer-2 molecules of monosaccharides linked together
Addition of H2O (hydrolysis) breaks disaccharide apart into - Answer-2
monosaccharides
Disaccharides which contain hexose monosaccharides are - Answer-Lactose / Milk
Sugar
Sucrose / Table Sugar
Maltose/ Malt Sugar
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