EDF 6222 FINAL EXAM 2024-2025
NEWEST QUESTIONS AND DETAILED
CORRECT ANSWERS | A+GRADE STUDY
GUIDE
Skinner asserted that __ events only differ from overt
events based on their __ . They are not special in
structure or nature. Correct Answer private, accessibility
Private events do come with skepticism - as they should.
We mistrust __ to private events because we cannot
always establish their truth. Correct Answer verbal
responses
Skinner mentions three different kinds of internal stimuli.
__ which are stimuli related to the digestive, respiratory,
and circulatory systems. This would include a racing heart
or a growling stomach. -__ stimuli, which are identified by
the position and movement of the body in space and by
the position and movement of parts of the body with
respect other parts. Typically, we respond to these stimuli
in combination with __ stimuli, which are concerned with
seeing, hearing, tasting, smelling, and feeling in respect to
the world around us, but it also helps shape how we
discuss and observe our own body. Correct Answer
interoceptive, proprioceptive, exteroceptive
Skinner discussed many other conditions in which the
community can shape responses to - at the risk of being
,__ at times. These include: probable behavior, __
behavior (where we rely on current events and our senses
that allow verification. For example, when you state, "Did
you feel that?" referring to an earthquake), past behavior
(where we use vocabulary acquired from __ behavior but
the speaker must have had the experience of being
present in the past. For example, when asked, "Where did
you go yesterday?" the person can reply, "I went to the
movies"), __ behavior (covert behavior is discussed in
depth in Science and Human Behavior, but is essentially
describing __ conditions associated with -__ behavior, but
not necessarily generated by it. For example the question,
"What are you thinking?"), and future behavior (future
behavior is another difficult realm, as it could mean a
report on a [covert] behavior such as, Correct Answer
incorrect, perceptual, current, covert, private, public
Hefferline and Keenan (as cited in Moore, 2015) described
a scenario in which rewards were given to participants
based on the __ of their thumb muscle. This tension was
so miniscule, the movement was not visible by the naked
eye. Nonetheless, the __ of this tension increased in
participants. This was an example of a __ that the
participants were unable to describe what the
contingencies were. Correct Answer tension, frequency,
private event
We now can understand why behavior analysts disagree
with the __ view that mental causes mediate the
relationship between the environment and the __. Correct
Answer traditional, behavior
,Jay Moore stated that we can make introspective
statements about our feelings, but "(we make) statements
about what caused them to engage in some form of
behavior in the __, what is causing them to engage in
some form of behavior currently and what is likely to cause
them to engage in some form of behavior in the future"
(p.54). Correct Answer past
Luckily, __ are rarely crucial in the practical __ of human
behavior Correct Answer private events, control
A __ is an arm or a leg that lingers indefinitely in the minds
of patients long after it has been lost. Correct Answer
phantom limb
Skinner (1974) stated, "mental life and the world in which it
is lived are __ . Thinking is __.The mistake is in allocating
the behavior to the __(p. 115). Correct Answer inventions,
behaving, mind
Application of a behavioral analysis to other __ behaviors
such as discrimination, decision-making, and concept
formation not only elucidates process by which these
behaviors are learned, it also allows for further
investigation into how such behaviors might be __ and __ .
Correct Answer covert, taught, improved
Recall is another complex behavior addressed in Skinner's
writings that has addressed by __ It is incorrect to
presume that the __ we eventually emit is somehow
, "stored" somewhere inside of us. In addition, "the
contingencies which affect an organism are not stored by
it; they simply __ it" (1974, p. 121). Instead, the response
exists in our -[response] and the contingencies exist in our
learning __, and we are able to emit the response when
we manipulate conditions relevant to it. " Correct Answer
mentalistic explanations, response, change, histories
The essential nature of a problem is that a response exists
in some strength but it cannot be emitted. The solution to
a problem is a response which alters a situation so that a
response can be __ . Problem solving is not emitting the
__ response, however, it is the manipulation that occurs
that makes that response more __ . Such manipulation
can include examining the problem thoroughly, stating the
problem in its clearest terms, or trying tentative solutions
and examining the results. Correct Answer emitted,
terminal, probable
The notion of "having an idea" has a similar behavioral
analysis: a __exists with some strength in the repertoire of
the individual, and is emitted via manipulation of some
features of the environment that make the response more
likely, in combination with __ and __ that make the
response appear novel. Correct Answer verbal response,
stimulus, response generalization
"The __ is most commonly used as a hypothetical cause
of action. So long as __ variables go unnoticed or are
ignored, their __ is assigned to an originating agent within
the organism. If we cannot show what is responsible for a