Anxiety - Answer-An emotional response (e.g. apprehension, tension, uneasiness) to anticipation of danger, the source of which is largely unknown or unrecognized.
Anxiety may be regarded as pathologic when it interferes with effectiveness in living, achievement of desired goals or satisfaction,...
Theories Exam 5 - Anxiety Disorders Ch
29 Questions and Answers
Anxiety - Answer-An emotional response (e.g. apprehension, tension, uneasiness) to
anticipation of danger, the source of which is largely unknown or unrecognized.
Anxiety may be regarded as pathologic when it interferes with effectiveness in living,
achievement of desired goals or satisfaction, or reasonable emotional comfort.
Stress - Answer-An external pressure that is brought to bear on the individual.
Often used interchangeably with "anxiety." Anxiety is the subjective emotional response
to the stressor.
"Normal Anxiety" - Answer-Anxiety is usually considered a normal reaction to a realistic
danger or threat to biological integrity or self-concept. Normal anxiety dissipates when
the danger or threat is no longer present.
Normality is determined by societal standards.
Degrees of Anxiety - Answer-1. Mild: everyday anxiety, response considered
appropriate by societal norms.
2. Moderate: increased use of internal coping mechanisms to deal with the stressor.
3. Severe: a post-traumatic stress response, attention narrows, start to see difficulty in
functioning.
4. Panic: sudden overwhelming feeling of terror or impending doom; marked decrease
in functioning and somatic responses are seen. Future manifestations seen when
reminded of traumatic event.
Panic - Answer-A sudden overwhelming feeling of terror or impending doom.
This most severe form of emotional anxiety is usually accompanied by behavioral,
cognitive, and physiological signs and symptoms considered to be outside the expected
range of normalcy.
Panic Disorder - Answer-Characterized by recurrent panic attacks, the onset of which is
unpredictable, and manifested by intense apprehension, fear, or terror, often associated
with feelings of impending doom and accompanied by intense physical discomfort.
The symptoms come unexpectedly, not necessarily immediately before or after the
situation that causes anxiety.
, Dx Symptoms for Panic Disorder - Answer-Must have 4 of the following (fewer than 4
denotes a "limited-symptom attack"):
- palpitations, pounding heart
- sweating
- trembling or shaking
- SOB or smothering
- feeling of choking
- nausea or abdominal distress
- feeling dizzy, light-headed, or faint
- derealization or depersonalization
- fear of losing control or going crazy
- fear of dying
- paresthesias (tingling/numbness)
- chills or hot flashes
Panic Disorder Notes - Answer-- Chronic condition
- Sudden onset with peak at ~10 min.
- symptoms of depression are common.
- may have agoraphobia as well.
- need to rule out medical conditions.
- assess for substance abuse.
- look at cultural factors.
Interventions aimed at relieving symptoms of a panic disorder: - Answer-Repetitive
activity, medications (benzodiazepines and antidepressants), identify feelings, stay with
patient, use short and simple sentences, move to quiet environment, nutritional
education, increased physical activity, distraction, positive self-talk, exposure therapy,
systematic desensitization, cognitive behavior therapy, psychoeducation.
Interventions are aimed at relief.
Panic Disorder with Agoraphobia - Answer-Characterized by symptoms described for
panic disorder. In addition, the individual experiences a fear of being in places or
situations from which escape might be difficult or in which help might not be available in
the event that a panic attack should occur.
The fear restricts travel; may become house-bound.
Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) - Answer-Characterized by chronic, unrealistic,
and excessive anxiety and worry; includes presence of somatic complaints (trembling,
twitching, muscle aches, soreness) and mild depressive symptoms.
Symptoms have existed >6 months and cannot be attributed to specific organic factors.
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