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OST 575 - Lower GI pharmacology Exam 2
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OST 575 - Lower GI pharmacology Exam 2...
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OST 575 - Lower GI pharmacology Exam 2What is the MOA of Metoclopramide? - ANSWER antagonist at dopamine receptors
*enhances effects of ACh at smooth muscle in GI tract*
What effect does Metoclopramide have by blocking dopamine receptors in the
chemoreceptor trigger zone of the area postrema? - ANSWER produces *antiemetic*
action
What are the adverse effects of Metoclopramide? - ANSWER Nervousness
Drowsiness
Dystonic reactions--> *parkisonian like actions*
Breast tenderness and galactorrhea
Why does metoclopramide cause breast tenderness and galactorrhea in women? -
ANSWER blocks effects of dopamine which normally blocks effects of Prolactin
What are the clinical uses of metoclopramide? - ANSWER GERD and esophagitis
Anti-emetic
gastroparesis
What are the anti-diarrheal drugs? - ANSWER Opiates
Loperamide
Diphenoxylate with atropin
Kaolin and Pectin
What is the MOA of opiates for anti-diarrheal drugs? - ANSWER opiates CAUSE
, constipation
*increase tone of GI smooth muscle and decrease peristaltic movement*
What is the MOA of Loperamide (Imodium)? - ANSWER alters GI motility by opiate like
mechanism
What are adverse effects of Loperamide (Imodium)? - ANSWER constipation
Toxic megacolon
What are the clinical uses of Loperamide (Imodium)? - ANSWER acute non-specific
diarrhea
chronic diarrhea associated with IBD
What is the MOA of Diphenoxylate + Atropine (Lomotil)? - ANSWER produces morphine
like subjective effects (decreased GI motility)
*atropine decreases likelihood of abuse*
When must use of Diphenoxylate + Atropine (Lomotil) be avoided for treating diarrhea? -
ANSWER avoided if diarrhea caused by *toxic substances*
What is Kaolin? - ANSWER Hydrated aluminium trisilicate
What is Pectin? - ANSWER Purified carbohydrate from rind of citrus or apples
What are the Anti-spasmodics and what is the MOA? - ANSWER Dicyclomine (Bentyl)
and Hyoscyamine (Levsin)
*MOA = Muscarinic antagonists which decrease GI motility and spasm*
What are some drugs that can cause diarrhea? - ANSWER Anti-microbial's (broad
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