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CMSRN EXAM QUESTIONS AND 100% CORRECT ANSWERS
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CMSRN EXAM QUESTIONS AND 100% CORRECT ANSWERSwhat is the most common form of hyponatremia, due to excessive fluid intake and
causing a decreas in serum sodium concentration? ANSWER dilutional hypotnatremia
symptoms of diltuional hyponatremia ANSWER edema, confusion, weight gain
treatment of dilutional hyponatremia ANSWER fluid restriction
what type of hyponatremia occurs due to a loss of fluid and sodium? ANSWER true
hyponatremia
symptoms of true hyponatremia ANSWER dry tissue, weight loss, hypotension,
tachycardia
treatment of true hyponatremia - ANSWER replace sodium AND water (NS or LR)
causes of true hyponatremia - ANSWER burns, hemorrhage, adrenal insufficiency
what kind of sodium imbalance results from decreased fluid intake or loss of water
without sodium loss? - ANSWER hypernatremia
causes of hypernatremia - ANSWER fever, IVF w/ sodium, DI, high protein TF
symptoms of hypernatremia - ANSWER dry tissues, weight gain, thirst, tachycardia,
oliguria
Treatment for hypernatremia ANSWER decrease sodium, replace fluids
,Which electrolyte does sodium work with? ANSWER chloride - works to maintain
acid/base balance
Which labs are most important to watch with potassium abnormalities? ANSWER renal
What does potassium have an inverse relationship with? ANSWER PH, insulin, calcium
Causes of hyperkalemia ANSWER cell wall destruction, increased intake, potassium
sparing diuretics, renal failure, acidosis
symptoms of hyperkalemia - ANSWER irritable muscles, cardiac arrhythmias,
hyperactive bowels, bladder
treatment of hyperkalemia - ANSWER limit intake, kaexylate, calcium gluconate, IV
glucose and insulin, dialysis
what electrolyte imbalance should you avoid green leafy vegetables and citrus fruits? -
ANSWER hyperkalemia
what electrolyte are avocado, dried fruits, and potato skins high in? - ANSWER
potassium
causes of hypokalemia - ANSWER vomiting, diarrhea, DKA, prolonged NG suction,
burns, potassium wasting diuretics
symptoms of hypokalemia - ANSWER muscle flaccidity and weakness, constipation,
alkalosis, shallow respirations, cardiac arrest
treatment for hypokalemia - ANSWER potassium supplements, monitor magnesium
levels
normal calcium level - ANSWER 9-10.5
where is calcium stored? - ANSWER bones
what vitamin is important for calcium absorption - ANSWER Vitamin D
what does calcium have an inverse relationship with? - ANSWER phosphorous
which electrolyte imbalance increases bleeding risk? - ANSWER hypocalcemia
, causes of hypercalcemia- ANSWER cancer, bone mets, hyperparathyroidism, too much
vitamin D, thiazide diuretics, parathyroid tumor
symptoms of hypercalcemia- ANSWER sedation, lethargy, hypoactive reflexes, slurred
speech, impaired memory (decreased LOC/CNS sympstoms), renal stones
treatment for hypercalcemia- ANSWER decrease intake, encourage fluids, loop
diuretics, phosphate administration
causes of hypocalcemia- ANSWER decreased intake, decreased vitamin D, increased
phosphate levels, renal disease, pacreatitis, alcoholism, pregnancy
symptoms of hypocalcemia - ANSWER chvosteks, trousseaus, laryngospasm, tingling in
fingers/toes/lips, coagulopathy
tx of hypocalcemia - ANSWER increased intake, vitamin D, IV calcium gluconate,
phosphate binding antacids
sign of hypocalcemia if you tap the front of the ear to cause twitching of face? - ANSWER
chvosteks sign
sign of hypocalcemia that causes carpal tunnel/turning in of hands? - ANSWER
trousseaus sign
normal level of phosphate - ANSWER 3-4.5
symptoms of this electrolyte imbalance are opposite of calcium since it has an inverse
relationship - ANSWER phosphate
Normal level of magnesium - ANSWER 1.3-2.1
Normal level of sodium - ANSWER 135-145
normal level of potassium - ANSWER 3.5-5.0 mEq/L
symptoms of hypermagnesemia - ANSWER poor renal excretion, muscular depression
symptoms of hypomagnesemia - ANSWER Hyperactive deep tissue reflexes, tremors,
seizures, cardiac arrhythmia, confusion (resembles hypocalcemia)
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