CNIT 176 exam 1 latest 2024 already passed
Microarchitecture - ANSWER Connecting small hardware components
Logic Gates - ANSWER Elementary building block of a digital circuit
Devices - ANSWER Network of transistors (which makes up a logic gate) that have a charge
that can be manipulated by electrons and interpreted as 1's or 0's
Abstraction - ANSWER Mental model that removes complex details
Binary Input - ANSWER Begins as discrete input, then keyboard generates binary number code
for each key (ex. "A 1 + 2 = 3 math")
Analog - ANSWER Continuous data (sounds, images) that requires hardware to convert into
binary
Alphanumeric - ANSWER Unicode, ASCII, EBCDIC
Image (Bitmapped) - ANSWER GIF, TIFF, PNG
Image (Object) - ANSWER PostScript, JPEG, SWF, SVG
Outline Graphics and Fonts - ANSWER PostScript, TrueType
Sound - ANSWER WAV, AVI, MP3, MIDI, WMA
Page Description - ANSWER PDF, HTML, XML
Video - ANSWER MP4, OGG, MPEG-4, WMV, QuickTime
,Integer - ANSWER Whole number
Real number - ANSWER Contains a decimal point
BCD - ANSWER Binary-coded decimal, 6-bit, early implementation of character codes by IBM
EBCDIC - ANSWER Extended binary-coded decimal interchange code, 8-bit, one of the first
widely-used computer codes that supported upper and lowercase alphabetic characters and
special characters
ASCII - ANSWER American Standard Code for Information Interchange, 7-bit, numerical
representation of Latin alphabet, Arabic numerals, standard punctuation characters
Collating Sequence - ANSWER ASCII: numbers collate first
EBCDIC: numbers collate last
Unicode - ANSWER 16-bit, encodes the characters of every language in the world
Compression - ANSWER Recoding data so that it requires fewer bytes of storage
Compression Ratio - ANSWER Amount the file size is reduced
Lossless - ANSWER Inverse algorithm restores data to exact original form
Lossy - ANSWER Trades off data degradation for file size and download speed
Bitmap (Raster) Images - ANSWER Photos and paintings with continuous variation, each
individual pixel in a graphic is stored as a binary number
Object (Vector) Images - ANSWER Composed of graphical objects like lines and curves
defined geometrically, can be scales without losing quality
, Model - ANSWER Breaking down the layers of a computing system to think about how it
functions
Task - ANSWER The goal of the program
Algorithm - ANSWER Steps needed to complete the task
Program - ANSWER Translating each step of algorithm to lines of code
Instruction Set Architecture - ANSWER Translating processor independent (human readable) to
processor dependent (bytecode/binary) code
Monochrome - ANSWER Black or white, 1 bit/pixel
Gray Scale - ANSWER 254 shades of gray, 1 byte/pixel
Color Graphics - ANSWER 16 colors, 256 colors, or 24-bit true color (16.7 million colors); 4, 8,
and 24 bits respectively
GIF - ANSWER Graphics interchange format, lossless
PNG - ANSWER Portable network graphics, lossless
JPEG - ANSWER Joint photographers expert group, lossy
MIDI - ANSWER Musical instrument digital interface
MP3 - ANSWER Digital audio data format, psychoacoustic lossy compression
