PEDORTHICS FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS
WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS
What idoes ia ipedorthist ido? i- i✔✔A ipedorthist iunderstands ithe iproperties iof ifootwear
iand ithe iinteraction ibetween ia ipatient's ifoot iand ithe idevice ior ishoe, iwhich imakes
ithem iskilled iat ievaluating ifeet iand ifitting ifootwear
Anatomical iplanes i- i✔✔Coronal, isagittal, itransverse
Columns iof ithe ifoot i- i✔✔Medial i- i1st imetatarsal, imedial icuneiform
Middle i- i2nd/3rd imetatarsal, iintermediate/lateral icuneiform
Lateral i- i4th/5th imetatarsal, icuboid
Sections iof ithe ifoot i- i✔✔Forefoot i- idistal iphalanges i1-5, iintermediate iphalanges i2-5,
iproximal iphalanges i1-5, imetatarsals i1-5
Midfoot i- imedial/intermediate/lateral icuneiforms, icuboid, inavicular
Hindfoot i(rearfoot) i- italus, icalcaneus
Name ithe ijoints iof ithe ifoot iand iankle icomplex i- i✔✔Talocrural i(ankle); isubtalar
i(talocalcaneal); itransverse itarsal i(midtarsal, iChopart) i[talonavicular, icalcaneocuboid];
itarsometatarsal i(Lisfranc); imetatarsophalangeal i(MTP); iproximal/distal iinterphalangeal
i(PIPs, iDIPs)
Type iof ijoint i& imotions: italocrural i- i✔✔Hinge; idorsiflexion, iplantarflexion
Type iof ijoint i& imotions: isubtalar i- i✔✔Oblique icondyloid; ipronosupination
Type iof ijoint i& imotions: itransverse itarsal i- i✔✔TN i- iball i& isocket; iinversion, ieversion
CC i- imodified isaddle; iinversion, ieversion
[oblique, ilongitudinal]
Type iof ijoint i& imotions: itarsometatarsal i- i✔✔Planar
Type iof ijoint i& imotions: imetatarsophalangeal i- i✔✔Condyloid; iDF, iPF, iadduction,
iabduction, icircumduction
Type iof ijoint i& imotions: iinterphalangeal i- i✔✔Hinge; iflexion, iextension
Four ilevels iof iPF iamputation i- i✔✔Subtalar, iChopart, iLisfranc, iMTP
,4 ipurposes iof ithe ifoot i- i✔✔Shock iabsorption, irigid ipropulsion, iadverse iterrain,
istructural iplatform
Three iarches iof ithe ifoot i- i✔✔Medial ilongitudinal, ilateral ilongitudinal, itransverse
Bones iof imedial iarch i- i✔✔Calcaneus, inavicular, iall i3 icuneiforms, imets i1-3
Bones iof ithe ilateral iarch i- i✔✔Lateral itubercle iof icalcaneus, icuboid, imets i4-5
Bones iof ithe itransverse iarch i- i✔✔Cuneiforms, icuboid, imetatarsals i1-5
Ligaments iof imedial iarch i- i✔✔Plantar icalcaneonavicular i(spring), iplantar iaponeurosis,
ishort/long iplantar
Ligaments iof ithe ilateral iarch i- i✔✔Short i& ilong iplantar
Ligaments iof ithe itransverse iarch i- i✔✔Deep itransverse iligaments
Muscles iof imedial iarch i- i✔✔Tibialis ianterior, itibialis iposterior, iflexor ihallucis ilongus,
igastrocnemius, isoleus
Muscles iof ilateral iarch i- i✔✔Peroneus ilongus, iperoneus ibrevis, iplantar ifascia,
iintrinsics
Muscles iof itransverse iarch i- i✔✔Adductor ihallucis, iinterossei, iperoneus ilongus,
iperoneus ibrevis
Bones ithat iform ithe ibasis iof iweight ibearing i- i✔✔Met iheads i(specifically i1,5),
icalcaneus
Column ithat iis imost iweight ibearing i- i✔✔Lateral
Which iis ithe istronger iside iof ithe iankle iand iwhy? i- i✔✔Lateral; iligament ipositioning i&
ifibula ibony istop
What idetermines ithe imotion iof ieach ijoint? i- i✔✔Angle iof ijoint i(oblique)
Motion iof italocrural ijoint iaxis i- i✔✔See isaw
Motion iof isubtalar ijoint iaxis i- i✔✔Triplanar imotion
Plane, isection, ijoint: idorsiflexion i& iplantarflexion i- i✔✔Plane i- isagittal
Section i- iankle; ihindfoot
Joint i- italocrural; isubtalar
Plane, isection, ijoint: iinversion i& ieversion i- i✔✔Plane i- icoronal
, Section i- ihindfoot; iforefoot
Joint i- isubtalar; itarsometatarsal
Plane, isection, ijoint: iabduction i& iadduction i- i✔✔Plane i- itransverse
Section i- iforefoot
Joint i- itarsometatarsal
Plane, isection, ijoint: ivarus i& ivalgus i- i✔✔Plane i- icoronal
Section i- iforefoot, ihindfoot
Joint i- itarsometatarsal, isubtalar
Plane, isection, ijoint: isupination i& ipronation i- i✔✔Plane i- itriplanar
Section i- iankle; ihindfoot; imidfoot; iforefoot
Joint i- italocrural; isubtalar; itransverse itarsal; itarsometatarsal
Difference ibetween iopen ichain iand iclosed ichain i- i✔✔Open ichain i- inon-weight
ibearing; idistal ilink ifree
Closed ichain i- iweight ibearing; idistal ilink ifixed
Open ichain ipronation imotions i& iplanes i- i✔✔Calcaneal ieversion i(coronal); italocrural
idorsiflexion i(sagittal); imedial irotation iof itib/fib i(transverse); iforefoot iabduction
i(transverse)
Open ichain isupination imotions i& iplanes i- i✔✔Calcaneal iinversion i(coronal); italocrural
iplantarflexion i(sagittal); ilateral irotation iof itib/fib i(transverse); iforefoot iadduction
i(transverse)
Closed ichain ipronation imotions i& iplanes i- i✔✔Calcaneal ieversion i(coronal); iTalar
iadduction i(coronal); iTalar iplantarflexion i(sagittal); italocrural idorsiflexion i(sagittal);
imedial irotation iof itib/fib i(transverse); iforefoot iabduction i(transverse)
Closed ichain isupination imotions i& iplanes i- i✔✔Calcaneal iinversion i(coronal); iTalar
iabduction i(coronal); iTalar idorsiflexion i(sagittal); italocrural iplantarflexion i(sagittal);
ilateral irotation iof itib/fib i(transverse); iforefoot iadduction i(transverse)
Pes icavus i- i✔✔High iarch
Pes ivarus i- i✔✔Rearfoot iinversion
Pes iplanus i- i✔✔Flatfoot
Navicular idrop i- i✔✔Measures imidfoot iflexibility/unlocking iduring ipronation
WB iSTJ iin isupination i- i✔✔MTJ iaxis inot iparallel; iMTJ ilocked; italus istacked ion
icalcaneus; irigid ipropulsion; ioccurs iduring iMidstance iand islightly iduring iterminal
istance