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General Biology Final Exam|165 Complete Q’s and A’s
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General Biology Final Exam|165 Complete Q’s and A’s
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General Biology Final Exam|165Complete Q’s and A’s
3 important characteristics of a population - -geographic distribution,
density, and growth rate
-3 factors that affect population size - -number of births, number of deaths,
number of individuals that enter or leave the population
-population density - -number of individuals per unit of area
-immigration - -movement of individuals into an area occupied by an
existing population
-emigration - -movement of individuals out of an area
-exponential growth - -growth pattern in which the individuals in a
population reproduce at a constant rate
-logistic growth - -growth pattern in which a population's growth rate slows
or stops following a period of exponential growth
-carrying capacity - -largest number of individuals of a population that a
given environment can support
-examples of density-dependent limiting factors - -competition, predation,
parasitism, and disease
-examples of density-independent limiting factors - -unusual weather,
natural disasters, seasonal cycles, and certain human activities such as
damming rivers and clear-cutting forests.
-limiting factor - -factor that causes the growth of a population to decrease
-density-dependent limiting factor - -limiting factor that depends on
population size
-density-independent limiting factor - -limiting factor that affects all
populations in similar ways, regardless of population size
-predator-prey relationship - -mechanism of population control in which a
population is regulated by predation
, -human population - -tends to increase over time like the populations of
many other living organisms
-Why do some countries have high population growth rates while
populations of other countries grow slowly or not at all? - -because of the
characteristics of populations and the social and economic factors that affect
them
-biodiversity - -biological diversity; the sum total of the variety of organisms
in the biosphere; one of Earth's greatest natural resources because many
species have provided us with foods, industrial products, and medicines.
-human activity can reduce biodiversity by... - -by altering habitats, hunting
species to extinction, introducing toxic compounds into food webs, and
introducing foreign species to new environments.
-ecosystem diversity - -variety of habitats, living communities, and
ecological processes in the living world.
-species diversity - -number of different species in the biosphere
-genetic diversity - -sum total of all the different forms of genetic
information carried by all organisms living on Earth today.
-extinction - -disappearance of a species from all parts of fits geographical
range
-endangered species - -species whose population size is rapidly declining
and will become extinct if the trend continues
-habitat fragmentation - -splitting of ecosystems into small fragments
-biological magnification - -increasing concentration of a harmful substance
in organisms at higher trophic levels in a food chain or food web
-invasive species - -plants and animals that have migrated to places where
they are not native
-conservation - -wise management of natural resources, including the
preservation of habitats and wildlife
-Two important systems in the biosphere that researchers are gathering
data to monitor and evaluate the effects of human activities on - -the ozone
layer and the global climate system
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