ρ = air density
V = TAS
S = surface area of wings
Cl = lift coefficient, determined by the shape and AOA of the wing
What are the 3 types of parasitic drag? - answer Skin friction
Form drag
Interference drag
The speed of sound equation - answer Speed of sound (kts) = 39×√Temp (K)
How to convert temperature in °C to Kelvin? – answer Temp in Kelvin = °C + 273
How to calculate Mach number? - answerMach number = TAS / LSS
LSS = local speed of sound
What is subsonic flight? - answerMach below 0.75
What is transonic flight? - answer0.75≤Mach≤1.2
What is supersonic flight? - answer1.2<Mach
What is a shock wave and where does it form? - answerLeading edge: when an airfoil
travels near the speed of sound, it compresses air molecules together thus increasing
pressure, density and temperature resulting in turbulence and separation.
Upper wing surface: air flow over the wing surface will reach the speed of sound first.
The air will be forced to slow down to subsonic speed as it travels towards the trailing
edge. The slowing down of the air flow forces air molecules together thus increasing
pressure, density and temperature resulting turbulence and separation.
What is mach tuck? - answerAs an aircraft approaches the speed of sound its wing
center of pressure moves aft. As it moves aft, it creates a pitch down moment which
there by increases airspeed and worsens situation.
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