- complete neurologic block; can interfere with muscular action
- may increase need for OB intervention
- systemic effects: ***hypotension***, fever
- inadvertent dural puncture can cause a spinal HA
local blocks - ANSWER paracervical, pudendal, local infiltration
provides pain blockade at site of pain for brief periods of time
intermittent auscultation - ANSWER - allows for more mobility
- requires 1:1 staffing in labour
- associated with lower intervention rates
60; 30; 15 - ANSWER intermittent auscultation should be done every _____ seconds after
a contraction every _______ minutes in 1st stage of labor if low risk, and every ______ if
high risk
15; 5 - ANSWER intermittent auscultation should be done every ____ minutes in 2nd
stage if low risk; and every _____ min if high risk
continuous EFM - ANSWER - indicated for AP or IP risk factors
category I - ANSWER - tracing predictive of a well-oxygenated fetus
- normal acid-base balance
- normal baseline, moderate FHR variability, absent late/variable decels, early
decels/accels present or absent
15; 5- ANSWER continuous fetal monitoring should be done every _____ min for low-risk
, in 1st stage and every ______ min if high risk
Category II- ANSWER indeterminate of fetal acid-base status; requires continued
monitoring and evaluation
- baseline bradycardic or tachycardic
- minimal variability or absent variability with no recurrent decels or marked variability
-absent variability in conjunction with any of the following:
-bradycardia
-recurrent variables
-recurrent lates
-sinusoidal pattern
10+ minutes - ANSWER how long does fetal bradycardia/tachycardia need to persist to
be diagnosed
fetal scalp stimulation - ANSWER - cannot be reliably performed during decel or
bradycardia; wait for FHR recovery
>7.2 - ANSWER stimulating the head during a vaginal exam with a FHR accel > 15 for >15
seconds is indicated of fetal pH of _________
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