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PJM Generation Exam -
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PJM Generation Exam - 2024-2025PJM acts as the following in an RTO manner:
reliability coordinator (RC)
transmission operator (TOP), planner, & service provider
interchange authority
planning coordinator
resource planner
balancing authority (BA)
Member company functions:
transmission owner/ operator (TO/TOP)
generation owner/ operator (GO/GOP)
load serving entity (LSE)
purchasing selling entity (PSE)
distribution provider (DP)
transmission service provider
Generation Operator (GOP)
entity that operates generating units, and performs the functions of supplying energy
and reliability related services
- coordinates w/ the BA, TOP, & RC in real-time and ahead of time
Generation Owner (GO)
functional entity that owns and maintains generating units
- coordinates w/ the BA, TOP, & RC as well as Transmission/Resource Planners
,Transmission Operator (TOP)
entity that ensures real-time operating reliability of transmission assets within the TOP
area
- monitors the transmission system and provides reliability through coordination w/
generation resources
Transmission Owner (TO)
owns and provides for the maintenance of transmission facilities
Generation Control
ensure efficient generation is available or running to satisfy the demand at any given
hour including maintaining adequate reserves
Transmission Control
monitor, operate, and control the high voltage transmission system in a reliable manner
Generation Dispatch Operations
- maintain system control turquoise generation/demand balance)
- maintain adequate reserves
, - implement emergency procedures
- synchronized reserve/regulation market
Transmission System Operations
- ensure security of the system (limitations/constraints)
- contingency analysis
- direct emergency operations
- direct off-cost operations
- coordinate switching
Reserves
extra generation headroom above the forecasted demand
Primary/Contingency Reserves
those that can be brought online or shed load in 10 minutes or less from request
1) Synchronized Reserves: Already online & synchronized with the BES
2) Quick Start (non-sync) Reserves: Not already online & synchronized with the BES
Secondary Reserves
reserves that can come online or shed load within 10-30 minutes of request
- do not need to be online & synchronized to the BES
Dispatch Rate
$/MWh used to guide generators' output
- calculated by the Security Constrained Economic Dispatch program (SCED)
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