A _____ protein known as ____ contains 3 AMINO ACIDS that undergo an oxidative reaction to form an
intense _____ fluorophore. This protein is remarkably useful because the fluorophore is _____.
Importantly, GFP can be attached to form a ____ with a second protein of interest during standard
cloning procedures. - correct answer ✔✔β-barrel, GFP, intrinsic, encoded in the amino acid sequence,
fusion protein
_____ is a support medium that has two functions: 1) prevents molecules from diffusing into broad
bands 2) provides a sieving material that obstructs the movement of larger particles more than smaller
ones, allowing them to separate.
The term _______ refers to a specific gel layer technique that "focuses" a protein band. The mechanism
involves creating a large voltage gradient between Cl- and the _____ in a later called the _______, which
has a reduced pH. - correct answer ✔✔Polyacrylamide, discontinuous gel, glycinate zwitterion, stacking
gel
The following equation is the analytical version of the principle of ______________________
the rate of a chemical reaction is directly proportional to the product of the activities or concentrations
of the reactants
What emphasizes the relative contributions of enthalpic and entropic energies to the stabilization of
globular proteins? - correct answer ✔✔hydrophobic effect
What does ∆G stand for? - correct answer ✔✔standard state free energy
Describes the energy absorbed/released during the making/breaking of bonds. - correct answer
✔✔Enthalpy (∆H)
∆H describes the energy associated with ______. - correct answer ✔✔bond breakage/dissociation
The term ∆S refers to _____, which is defined as ______. - correct answer ✔✔entropy, number of
available configurations
_______ are dependent only on the total concentration of a solute species. Examples include pressure
lowering, boiling point elevation, freezing point depression, and osmotic pressure. - correct answer
✔✔colligative properties
_______ is the phenomena by which H₂O tries to dilute the counterions that are bound to the
macromolecule. This makes the concentration of H₂O higher near the molecule than in the bulk solution.
This results in the property of _____ in which a charged protein or nucleic acid contains an
electrostricted ion-H₂O shell. - correct answer ✔✔Donan effect, electrostriction
colligative properties may also be related
________ defines the concentration dependence of ∆G. One example is that it drives osmotic pressure.
________ definitions and their equations are used to describe a derivative when one or more other
variables are held constant - correct answer ✔✔partial differentials
∆U = q + w
, where ∆U refers to the _____ of a ______, as contributed to by ______ (q) and work (w). The amount of
energy it takes to go from one state to another.
_____ (___) has the dimensions of energy and can be used to calculate ______ using the following
equation:
¹/₂ KbT, where Kb = 1.381x10^-23 JK^-1 - correct answer ✔✔Boltzman's contant (Kb), degrees of freedom
Q = Σj cj = Σj exp (-ΔGj/RT) describes _______, which is the ratio of concentrations of a compound in a
mixture of two immiscible phases at equilibrium. This ratio is therefore a measure of the difference in
solubility of the compound in these two phases.
Example of this is dissolving benzene in H₂O (Csw) vs. oil (Cso) or the difference between an AA presence
in water or benzene to determine its hydrophobicity/philicity - correct answer ✔✔partition coefficient
d ln Keq / d (1/T) = -ΔH°/R
ln Keq = -∆H/RT + ∆S/R
The above equations are the _______, which is used to create a _____ by plotting ln Keq vs. 1/T.
Ultimately, ____ is calculated using the slope (∆H/R). - correct answer ✔✔Van't Hoff equation, Arrhenius
plot, ∆H
_____ is measured by _____ calorimetry, during which a _____ is produced by plotting d(# bonds)/dT vs.
T. - correct answer ✔✔heat capacity, differential scanning, calorimetry peak
k = A exp(-Eact/RT) is ________, which describes how the _______ is related to temperature. - correct
answer ✔✔Arrhenius equation, rate constant (k)
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