Exam (elaborations)
PNC 130 FINAL STUDY GUIDE QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 2024
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PNC 130 FINAL STUDY GUIDE
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PNC 130 FINAL STUDY GUIDEWhat are some signs and symptoms of Hypothyroidism? - answer Signs: dry skin,
weight gain, puffy eyes, cold intolerance, constipation
What happens to the TSH and T4 levels in a patient with Hypothyroidism? – answer
TSH elevated, T4 level decreased
What is Guillain-Barre syndrome? - answer acute, rapidly progressive, acquired
demyelinating autoimmune disorder of the peripheral nerves that results in weakness.
AKA acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy
*Starts in the feet and marches up the body
*Recovers in opposite direction, starting with upper body first
What solution should never be given to someone with ICP - answer Never give
hypotonic IV solutions
What is the Temporal Lobe of the brain responsible for? - answer
What is the pathophysiology of Dyreflexia? - answer
How do we prevent dumping syndrome? - answerHow do we prevent: no drinking with
meals, low CHO diet, avoid concentrated sugars, lie flat following meals for one hour,
Precose
What is the prep for a c - answer
What is the Lab Value for: - answer
- answer
- answerPVC'sPAC's, V tach
- answer2 hour postprandial 70 to 145
What is the difference between TB infection and TB disease? - answerTB infection:
positive TB test but no signs or symptoms
What are the signs and symptoms of DKA? - answerElevated MBS with ketones in urine
what are the signs and symptoms of Hypoglycemia? - answerNervous, shaky,
diaphoretic, hunger to the point of nausea, cool clammy skin, pale, weak, and tired
,If the patient is conscious, what would you do if they are hypoglycemic? - answergive a
simple sugar until glucose reaches 70, then give a complex carb
If the patient is unconscious, what would you do if they are hypoglycemic? -
answerplace a fast acting sugar in buccal space
what are the signs and symptoms of Hyperglycemia? - answerFruity breath, hot and dry
skin, polyuria, polyphagia, polydipsia, weight loss, abdominal pain, glucosuria
what would you do if they are hypoglycemic? - answerGive insulin, monitor diet,
exercise
Which type of diabetic is DKA found? - answerType I
How long is the onset of DKA - answerHappens quickly
What is DKA? - answerElevated MBS with ketones in urine
Metabolic acidosis due to ketones
What are the signs and symptoms of DKA? - answer3 P's, MBS 300 to 800,
tachycardia, hypotension, GI complications (paralytic ileus, nausea, vomiting, absent
bowel sounds)
What is the treatment for DKA? - answerTreatment: patient in hospital, hourly MBS,
Regular Insulin via Insulin drip, IVF isotonic (NS), foley, NG tube, bicarbonate for pH
less than 7, check electrolytes, do not drop MBS more than 100 per hour, when reach
250 MBS add 5% dextrose to IVF
What is HHNK? - answerHyperosmolar Hyperglycemic Non-ketosis, complication of DM
Type 2, (non keto therefore no acidosis)
What are signs and symptoms of HHNK? - answerBlood sugars from 600 to 2000, dry
mouth, extreme thirst, fever, warm dry skin that does not sweat
What is the main concern for HHNK? - answerMain concern is dehydration
What is the treatment for HHNK? - answerIVF and regular insulin
What are some complication of diabetes? - answerNeuropathy, foot ulcers, retinopathy,
renal failure, PVD, CVA, CAD, athlerosclerosis
What is the normal level of Hgb A1C? - answerHgb A1C: 4 to 6
What is the normal level for FBS? - answerFasting MBS: 70 to 100
, What is the normal level for 2 hour post prandial? - answer2 hour post prandial: 70-145
How quick does MBS return to normal after a meal? - answer2 hours
Criteria for diagnosis of DM - answerFBS greater than or equal to 126
Symptoms:
PPBS: greater than or = to 200
Casual plasma glucose > 200
Which oral hypoglycemic are given without regard to meals - answerMetformin or
Glucophage
What is something to consider with the rotation of insulin injection sites? - answerUse
same site for 10 to 15 injections then rotate
What is the purpose of rotating insulin injection sites? - answerTrying to prevent
lipodystrophy which are tiny lumps under the skin that can make absorption of insulin
erratic
Which insulin do you roll? - answerRoll cloudy insulin
How long in insulin good for once opened? - answerOnce opened insulin is good for 30
days at room temperature
How many nurses should check off on insulin before administration? - answerTwo
nurses should check order
Regarding insulin, what can you not do? - answerCannot mix manufacturers
Which insulin can you not mix? - answerNever mix Lantus with anything
What should you do if you pull up to much mixed insulin? - answerDiscard
Which insulin should you use for the sliding scale? - answerOnly use regular and logs
for sliding scale
What should you avoid after insulin injection? - answerAvoid heat after injections
What should the oxygen setting be set at for a patient with COPD? - answerO2 no more
than 2 L
What should you do for a patient having trouble breathing? - answerelevate HOB
What type of breathing does a patient with COPD do? - answerpursed lip breathing
What is something you can educate a patient about with COPD? - answerstop smoking
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