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NURS 5461 Final Exam/71 Questions And Answers/100% Scores
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NURS 5461 Final Exam/71 Questions AndAnswers/100% Scores
Cough Treatment - -Treat primary cause
Get rid of the source, the cough goes away
Soothe cough
Dextromethorophan
Inhaled meds- Ipratropium
Benzonatate
Codeine-last resort
-Hemoptysis most common causes - -inflammatory—bronchitis,
bronchiectasis, pneumonia, TB
-A cough can last how long sometimes after a URI? - -up to 8 weeks
-Acute bronchitis - -a temporary inflammation of the mucous membranes
that line the trachea and bronchial passageways; causes a cough that may
produce mucus
5th most common cause of to see a HCP
-Pneumonia symptoms - --coughing
-fatigue
-pleuritic pain
-fever
-increased WBC
-rust colored sputum
-crackles
-tachypnea
-CURB-65 - -1) Confusion
2) BUN>19
3) RR>30
4) BP<90/60
5) 65yo
One or less indicates patient can be treated outpatient, >1 =hospitalization
-Single Pulmonary Nodule - -"Coin lesion"
A single parenchymal lung lesion smaller than 3cm W/O PNA , atelectasis, or
lymphadenopathy
Pure subsolid SPN < 5mm require no follow-up
if SPN < 8mm follow Fleischner Society guidelines on intervals for repeat CT
If SPN >8mm refer specialist
, -Sleep apnea - -a sleep disorder characterized by temporary cessations of
breathing during sleep and repeated momentary awakenings
Central apneas—absent airflow and respiratory efforts-Neurological diseases
Obstructive apneas [OSA]-Tongue and soft palate fall backward
-What is the definitive test for sleep apnea - -Overnight Polysomnogram
-Age Related Pulmonary Changes - -• Reduced airway size
•Shallow alveolar sacs
•Decline in chest wall compliance
• Intercostal muscle atrophy
• Reduction in diaphragmatic strength by 25%
-Who or when should you consider silent aspiration - -Consider possibility of
silent aspiration, especially in those with frequent pneumonias, neurologic
deficits, or residence in extended-care facilities
-Initial Therapies for Asthma and COPD - -Asthma: never use LABA without
ICS
COPD: start treatment with LABA and/or LAMA, without ICS
-What recommendation does GINA make for controllers? - -GINA
recommends treatment with low-dose ICS for most patients with asthma,
even those with infrequent symptoms, to reduce the risk of serious
exacerbations.
-GINA stepwise approach for Asthma - -1. Consider low dose ICS, PRN SABA
2. Low dose ICS or LTRA, PRN SABA
3. Low dose ICS/LABA, PRN SABA or ICS/Formoterol
4. Med/High dose ICS/LABA, same
5. Refer to asthma specialist for add on therapy
-Asthma Symptoms are caused by? - -Symptoms are associated with
variable expiratory airflow, i.e. difficulty breathing air out of the lungs due to
Bronchoconstriction
Airway wall thickening
Increased mucus
-Most likely to be asthma if? - -More than one type of symptom (wheeze,
shortness of breath, cough, chest tightness)
Symptoms often worse at night or in the early morning
Symptoms vary over time and in intensity
Symptoms are triggered by viral infections, exercise, allergen exposure,
changes in weather, laughter, irritants such as car exhaust fumes, smoke, or
strong smells
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