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BCH 400 exam 1 Ellison questions with complete solutions

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BCH 400 exam 1 Ellison questions with complete solutions

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  • October 12, 2024
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BCH 400 exam 1 Ellison

An object is alive if: - correct answer ✔✔1. uses energy from some source to drive chemical rxns

2. reproduces

3. undergoes evolution



all life on Earth: - correct answer ✔✔-nucleic acid as hereditary molecule

-same genetic code

-same AA to make proteins

-1 or more cells

-complex organism

-evolution



Why is life carbon based? - correct answer ✔✔-C forms single, double, triple bonds

-bonds w/ H,N,S,O,P & others



Ochem performed by living systems is highly stereospecific - correct answer ✔✔-generally only deal with
1 stereoisomer not mix



geometric isomers - correct answer ✔✔cis or trans

-diff physical + chem properties



enantiomers - correct answer ✔✔mirror images around chiral centers

-identical physical (except polarized light)

-react identically with achiral reagents



diastereomers - correct answer ✔✔non-mirror around chiral ctr

-diff physical + chem properties

,living organisms exist in a dynamic steady state and are never @ equilibrium w/ surroundings - correct
answer ✔✔-energy coupling

-biological catalysts

-entropy inc= creating and maintaining order requires energy



how to speed reactions up: - correct answer ✔✔-inc. temps (stability of macromolecules is limiting)

-inc. concent. of reactants (costly)

-change rxn by coupling to a fast one (universally used)

-lower activation barrier by catalysts (universally used)



Miller & Urey in 1953 - correct answer ✔✔demonstrated that organic compounds could form under
primitive conditions



van der waals - correct answer ✔✔-attractive force (London dispersion) depends on polarizability

-repulsive force (steric repulsion) size of atoms

-attraction dominates at longer distances

-repulsion at shorter

-weak individually

importance: determines steric complementarity, stabilizes biological macromolecules )stacking in DNA),
facilitates binding of polarizable ligands



hydrophobic effect - correct answer ✔✔-association/interaction of nonpolar molecules in aqueous sol

-main factor behind: protein folding, protein-protein association, formation of lipid micelles, binding of
steric hormones to their receptors

-does NOT arise b/c of some attractive force b/w 2 nonpolar molecules



How hydrophobic effect happens - correct answer ✔✔-nonpolar portions of amphipathic molecule
aggregate so fewer molecules are ordered= entropy inc.

-micelles, bilayer, vesicles

, hydrophobic effect favors ligand binding - correct answer ✔✔-binding sites in enzymes + receptors are
often hydrophobic

-displace water= inc. entropy

-drugs take advantage of hydrophobic effect



h bonds - correct answer ✔✔-strong dipole-dipole interactions

-strongest when bonded molecules allow for linear bonding

-not unique to water



water is medium for life - correct answer ✔✔-protection from UV (life evolved in water)

-organisms= 70-90% water

-chemical rxns occur in aqueous

-structure of water molecule: sp^3, octet, H bond donor+acceptor

-water: high BP, MP, large surface tension

-good solvent for polar molecules, bad for nonpolar



solutes change properties of water: colligative properties - correct answer ✔✔-BP, MP, osmolarity

-do not depend on nature of solute, just concentration



solutes change properties of water: noncolligative properties - correct answer ✔✔-viscosity, surface
tension, taste, color

-depend on chemical nature of solute



osmotic pressure - correct answer ✔✔high conc. to low conc.



proton hopping - correct answer ✔✔protons do not exist free in solution



what does a high Ka mean? - correct answer ✔✔-low pH

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