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BCH exam 1 questions and answers A+ rated

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BCH exam 1 questions and answers A+ rated

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  • October 12, 2024
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  • 2024/2025
  • Exam (elaborations)
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  • BCH
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Sakayobako30
BCH exam 1

Features of living organisms - correct answer ✔✔(1) Possess chemical complexity and microscopic
organization

(2) Ability to extract, transform, and use energy from the environment

(3) Defined functions for each biological component and regulation of interactions between components

(4) Ability to sense and respond to the environment

(5) Ability to self-replicate

(6) As a species, ability to evolve and adapt to environment



Bigger the organism - correct answer ✔✔Slower it evolves



Eukaryote - correct answer ✔✔A cell that contains a nucleus and membrane bound organelles



Bacteria/archea - correct answer ✔✔Single cell organisms w/no nuclear membrane



Major features of prokaryotic cells - correct answer ✔✔1-10 um, single celled (bacteria, archaea),
flagella for motility and pili for adhesion, cell envelope w plasma membrane and layers surrounding it,
cytoplasm enclosed by plasma membrane



How many ribosomes in bacterial cells - correct answer ✔✔15,000



Major features of eukaryotic cells - correct answer ✔✔size 5-100 um, mostly multicellular, outer
membrane w dynamic structure of lipids and proteins, nucleus enclosed by membrane, cytoplasm
enclosed by outer membrane



Peroxisome - correct answer ✔✔Oxidizes fatty acids



Lysosome - correct answer ✔✔degrades intracellular debris

,Golgi complex - correct answer ✔✔processes, packages, and targets proteins to other organelles or for
export



Smooth ER - correct answer ✔✔Site of lipid synthesis and drug metabolism



Nucleus - correct answer ✔✔Contains genes (chromatin)



Nucleolus - correct answer ✔✔Site of ribosomal synthesis by RNA



Rough ER - correct answer ✔✔Site of protein synthesis



Mitochondrion - correct answer ✔✔oxidizes fuels to produce ATP



Chloroplast - correct answer ✔✔harvests sunlight, produces ATP and carbohydrates



Starch granule - correct answer ✔✔temporarily stores carbohydrate products of photosynthesis



Thylakoid - correct answer ✔✔site of the light driven ATP synthesis



Cell wall - correct answer ✔✔Provides shape and rigidity, protects cell from osmotic swelling



Vacuole - correct answer ✔✔Degrades and recycles macromolecules, stores metabolites



Plasmodesma - correct answer ✔✔provides path between two plant cells



Glyoxysome - correct answer ✔✔contains enzymes of the glyoxylate cycle

,Purpose of cytoskeleton - correct answer ✔✔Provides shape and organization to cell, helps
cell/organelles move. For example, can redivide organelles between daughter cells when they are ready
to split



Actin filaments - correct answer ✔✔6 nm width, made from G-actin



Microtubules - correct answer ✔✔23 nm width, made from tubulin



Intermediate filaments - correct answer ✔✔10 nm width, made from a-keratin



Miller-Urey Experiment - correct answer ✔✔Sparking a mixture of CH4, NH3, H2O, H2S, H2 yielded
Glycine, alanine, aspartic acid, glutamic acid. Even though there was likely no H2 on Earth, same
experiment worked with HCN



Carbon is how much dry weight of cells - correct answer ✔✔about half



Main 4 elements in animal cells - correct answer ✔✔Hydrogen, carbon, nitrogen, oxygen



Mass ranking of elements in animal cells - correct answer
✔✔Oxygen>carbon>hydrogen>nitrogen>calcium>phosphorus>Potassium=Sulfur=Chlorine>sodium>mag
nesium



Trace elements - correct answer ✔✔Iron, cobalt, copper, zinc, iodine, Selenium, fluorine



Molecular composition of human cells ranking - correct answer ✔✔Water>protein>lipid>RNA>other
organic>DNA



Lower limit size of cells - correct answer ✔✔600-800 proteins



Upper limit size of cells - correct answer ✔✔Rate of molecular diffusion across cell membrane

, Nucleic acids do what - correct answer ✔✔store and transmit genetic information



Proteins do what - correct answer ✔✔Structure and catalysis



Lipids do what - correct answer ✔✔Membranes and energy storage



Polyssacharides do what - correct answer ✔✔Energy storage, structure, surface recognition



Gibbs free energy - correct answer ✔✔amount of energy in a reaction at constant temp and pressure



Enthalpy - correct answer ✔✔heat of a reaction reflecting the number and kind of chemical bonds in
reactants and products



Entropy - correct answer ✔✔Quantitative expression of randomness or disorder in a system



Anabolism - correct answer ✔✔set of metabolic pathways by which large molecules are made from
smaller ones, requiring energy



Catabolism - correct answer ✔✔set of metabolic pathways that breakdown molecules into smaller units
and release energy



What is the energy of a Covalent bond - correct answer ✔✔470 kj/mol



Hydrogen bond energy - correct answer ✔✔23 kj/mol



How many hydrogen bonds does liquid water make - correct answer ✔✔3.4



How many hydrogen bonds does ice make - correct answer ✔✔4



Hydrogen bond donors - correct answer ✔✔N-H, O-H, etc.

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