A&P II Lecture (BIOL 2302) Exam 3 Review Questions And Complete Solutions.
3 views 0 purchase
Course
BIOL 2302
Institution
BIOL 2302
Lymphatic System - Answer a one-way return system of interstitial fluid and leaked plasma proteins back to blood via lymphatic vessels
Lymphatic Capillaries - Answer -Blind-ended vessels that weave between tissue cells and blood capillaries
-Similar to blood capillaries, but more permeabl...
A&P II Lecture (BIOL 2302) Exam 3
Review Questions And Complete
Solutions.
Lymphatic System - Answer a one-way return system of interstitial fluid and leaked plasma proteins
back to blood via lymphatic vessels
Lymphatic Capillaries - Answer -Blind-ended vessels that weave between tissue cells and blood
capillaries
-Similar to blood capillaries, but more permeable
-Can take up larger molecules and particles that blood capillaries cannot
What are the specialized structures that increase the permeability of lymphatic capillaries? - Answer -
Endothelial cells: overlap loosely to form one-way minivalves
-Minivalves: anchored by collagen filaments to matrix, so increases in ECF volume opens minivalves even
more
Lacteals - Answer -specialized lymph capillaries present in intestinal mucosa
-Absorb digested fat and deliver fatty lymph to the blood
How do larger lymphatic vessels vary from blood vessels? - Answer -Have thinner walls
-have more internal valves
-Anastomose more frequently
Lymphatic Trunks - Answer -are formed by union of largest collecting vessels
-drain large areas of body
Right Lymphatic Duct - Answer drains right upper arm and the right side of the head and neck
,Thoracic Duct - Answer drains the whole body besides what is drained by the right lymphatic duct
Lymphangitis - Answer -condition in which lymphatic vessels appear as painful red lines under the skin
-Caused by inflammation of larger lymphatic vessels that contain vaso vasora
How is lymph propelled through the lymphatic vessels? - Answer -Milking action of skeletal muscle
-Pressure changes in thorax during breathing
-Valves to prevent backflow
-Pulsations of nearby arteries
-Contractions of smooth muscle in walls of lymphatics
Lymphedema - Answer -severe localized edema
-Caused by anything that prevents normal return of lymph to blood
What do lymphoid cells consist of? - Answer -immune system cells found in lymphoid tissue and
-supporting cells that form lymphoid tissue structures
Lymphocytes - Answer -cells of the adaptive immune system
-they protect against antigens
-mature into one of two main types: T cells or B cells
T Cells - Answer -manage immune response, and some also attack and destroy infected cells
-originate in bone marrow, mature in thymus
B Cells - Answer -produce plasma cells, which secrete antibodies
-originate and mature in bone marrow
Macrophages - Answer -type of antigen-presenting cell
,-phagocytize foreign substances, help activate T cells, trigger inflammatory responses, and recruit
additional defenses
-widely distributed in connective tissues and lymphoid organs
-develop from monocytes
-biggest phagocyte
Dendritic Cells - Answer -type of antigen-presenting cell
-capture antigens and deliver them to lymph nodes and help activate T cells
-Found in connective tissues and epidermis
-Most effective antigen presenter known
-Key link between innate and adaptive immunity
Reticular Cells - Answer produce reticular fibers called stroma in lymphoid organs
Stroma - Answer network-like support that acts as scaffolding for immune cells
What are the main functions of lymphoid tissue? - Answer -Houses and provides proliferation sites for
lymphocytes
-Offers surveillance vantage points for lymphocytes and macrophages as they filter through lymph
What kind of tissue is lymphoid tissue composed of? - Answer reticular connective tissue
Diffuse Lymphoid Tissue - Answer -loose arrangement of lymphoid cells and some reticular fibers
-found in virtually every body organ
Lymphoid Follicles - Answer -solid, spherical bodies consisting of tightly packed lymphoid cells and
reticular fibers
-Contain germinal centers of proliferating B cells
-May form part of larger lymphoid organs
-found in isolated aggregations of Peyer's patches and in appendix
, Primary Lymphoid Organs - Answer -areas where T and B cells mature
-includes red bone marrow and thymus
Secondary Lymphoid Organs - Answer areas where mature lymphocytes first encounter their antigen
and become activated
Lymph Nodes - Answer - principal secondary lymphoid organs of body
-found all over the body, but are concentrated in the axillary, cervical, and inguinal regions
What are the functions of the lymph nodes? - Answer -cleansing/filtering of lymph
-activation of the immune system
Cortex of the Lymph Nodes - Answer -Superficial area of cortex contains follicles with germinal centers
that are heavy with dividing B cells
-Deep cortex houses T cells in transit
-Abundant numbers of dendritic cells are closely associated with both T and B cells
Medulla of the Lymph Nodes - Answer Medullary cords extend inward from cortex and contain B cells,
T cells, and plasma cells
Lymph Sinuses - Answer -Consist of large lymphatic capillaries spanned by crisscrossing reticular fibers
-Macrophages reside on fibers, checking for and phagocytizing any foreign matter
What is the path of circulation through lymph nodes? - Answer -enters convex side at afferent
lymphatic vessels
-subscapular sinus
-medullary sinus
-exits hilum via efferent lymphatic vessels
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller TestSolver9. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $10.29. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
