Exam (elaborations)
PNC 100 Test 6 Questions and Answers 2024
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Exam of 5 pages for the course PNC 100 at PNC 100 (PNC 100 Test 6)
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PNC 100 Test 6WHAT ARE PATHOGENS? - answer Microorganisms that cause disease - they can
also be harmless
WHAT ARE HEALTH CARE-ASSOCIATED OR NOSOCOMIAL INFECTIONS? -
answer They are acquired in the health care facility or hospital. Healthcare associated
infections.
KNOW THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN MEDICAL AND SURGICAL ASEPSIS. -
answerMEDICAL - Clean Technique
SURGICAL - Sterile Technique
KNOW THE 6 ELEMENTS OF THE CHAIN IN THE INFECTIOUS PROCESS AND
WHAT HAPPENS IN EACH - Infectious agent - answer1. INFECTIOUS AGENT - The
pathogen causes the disease.
RESERVIOR HOST - answer2. RESERVIOR HOST - Where a pathogen can grow
PORT OF EXIT - answerPORT OF EXIT- Exit route from the reservoir host
MODE OF TRANSPORTATION - answerMODE OF TRANSPORTATION - How a
pathogen gets from one person to another. Ex. Feces, air droplets, needles
PORTAL OF ENTRY - answerPORTAL OF ENTRY - Where the pathogen enters the
new person. Through skin, mucous lining or mouth
HOST - answerHOST - person or animal who receives the pathogen and where the
pathogen can nourish and live.
KNOW THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN A LOCALIZED AND SYSTEMIC INFECTION
AND THE SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS TO LOOK FOR WITH EACH. -
answerLOCALIZED - superficial wound/infection proper care helps control its spread
and minimizes the illness. S/S pain and tenderness @ wound site
SYSTEMIC - an infection that affects the entire body instead or just a single organ or
part. Has potential to be fatal.
WHAT ARE THE STAGES OF THE INFECTION PROCESS? WHAT HAPPENS IN
EACH STAGE? - answer1ST - INCUBATION PERIOD -
Time between entrance of pathogens into body and appearance of 1st symptoms.
, 2ND - PRODROMAL STAGE - answerPRODROMAL STAGE - Interval from onset of
nonspecific signs to more specific signs. Organism grows and multiplies during this
stage.
3RD - ACUTE/ILLNESS STAGE - answerACUTE/ILLNESS STAGE - begin to manifest
specific s/s of specific disease/illness.
4TH - CONVALESCENCE STAGE - answerCONVALESCENCE STAGE - s/s start to
disappear and recovery starts to take place.
WHAT IS THE INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE? - answerThe body's cellular response to
injury or infection. A protective vascular reaction that delivers fluid, blood and nutrients
to the area of the injury.
HOW IS THE SEVERITY OF ILLNESS DETERMINED? - answerExtent, Virulence
(power to produce disease) & Susceptibility of the host
WHAT IS THE RESPONSIBILITY OF THE INFECTION CONTROL DEPT. AND THE
INFECTION CONTROL NURSE? - answerThey control team function within the
hospital via the infection prevention and control committee. (OSHA) Some nurses are
trained in infection prevention and control review charts and lab reports also notify
health dept. of infectious diseases.
WHAT ARE THE TWO TYPES OF STANDARD PRECAUTIONS? - answerUniversal
Precautions & BSI - Body Substance Isolation
UNIVERSAL PRECAUTIONS - answerWear gloves, wash hands, no gloves outside of
pt room, reason for gloves
BODY SUBSTANCE ISOLATION (BSI) - answerWash hands before and after, know
how pathogens are transmitted, dispose of contaminated items safely, know the
guidelines for transporting patients.
WHAT ARE THE 4 TYPES OF BSI? KNOW THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THEM. 1st
AIRBORNE- - answerAIRBORNE- disease transmitted in air, remains suspended in air.
Wear gown, gloves, respirator mask- private room door kept closed. Example - TB
DROPLETS - answerDROPLETS - transmitted by air, DO NOT remain suspended.
Wear gown, mask, gloves. private room door can be open. Example - Flu, Pneumonia,
meningitis.
CONTACT - answerCONTACT - Wound infections, intestinal infections. Wear gown and
gloves, eye protection if irrigating wound. Example - MRSA, VRE super bugs.
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