Exam (elaborations)
PNC 100 FINAL STUDY GUIDE QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS
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PNC 100 FINAL STUDY GUIDE
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PNC 100 FINAL STUDY GUIDEObjective data - answer Nurses can see, hear, measure, feel this (signs)
-ex. lab results, vitals, skin color
Subjective data - answer Perceived by the pt (symptoms)
-ex. pain, nausea, anxiety
What does etiology mean? - answer The cause of a disease or illness, sometimes it is
known or unknown
Origin - answer Where disease began
-ex. fever over unknown etiology/origin
Hereditary disease - answer Genetic / passed on through the genetic DNA material
-ex. color blindness, cystic fibrosis, sickle cell anemia
Congenital disease - answer Problem occurs during fetal development / can be
structural (absence of limbs or organs) or functional (blindness)
-drugs, fetal alcohol syndrome, radiation
Inflammatory disease - answerBody response to an agent with an inflammatory
response
-ex. arthritis, infection, allergies
Degenerative disease - answerThe wearing out of parts of the body from "wear and
tear"
-ex. joints (osteoarthritis), heart (CHF)
Infectious disease - answerInvasion of microorganism, may be bacterial, viral, fungal
-ex. pneumonia, TB, HIV, thrush
Deficiency disease - answerLack of needed nutrients
-ex. scurvy (vitamin C), rickets (calcium)
Metabolic disease - answerLoss of metabolic control, usually of an organ
-ex. pancreas (diabetes), thyroid (hypo/hyperthyroidism)
Neoplastic disease - answerAbnormal growth of cells/tissues
-ex. benign tumor or cyst, malignant
Traumatic - answerPhysical trauma
-ex. car accident/brain injury
,Emotional trauma
-ex. grief, failure
Environmental disease - answerExposure to harmful substances
-ex. radon, gas, lead, asbestos
Autoimmune disease - answerBody develops antibodies against its own tissues (body
attacks itself)
-ex. lupus, aids, rheumatoid arthritis, ulcerative colitis, M.S.
Syndrome disease - answerGroup of S/S that occur with some predictability / no known
cause
-ex. chronic fatigue syndrome, Reye's syndrome (swelling in brain and liver)
Acute - answerDisease or illness that begins abruptly with severe S/S. May subside
spontaneously or after tx
-ex. flu, appendicitis
Chronic - answerDisease or illness that develops slowly and persists over a long period
ex. Parkinson's, diabetes, COPD
Remission - answerThe partial or complete disappearance of disease or illness
(disappearance of symptoms). May be spontaneous due to therapy
Exacerbation - answerAn increase in the seriousness of disease or illness marked by a
greater intensity of S/S
-ex. asthma, Parkinson's, COPD, cancer
Organic diseases - answerResults in a structural change in an organ that interferes with
its functioning
-ex. MI(changes in heart) CVA(brain), DM(pancreas), ESRD(chronic kidney disease),
Alzheimer's
Functional disease - answerAppears that the organ is not working properly but no
abnormality of the organ can be found
-ex. bipolar, schizophrenia, nervous disorders
What are the risk factors associated with disease/illness? - answerGenetics,
physiologic, age, environment, lifestyle
Risk factors - answerA situation, habit or condition that increases the chances of a
person to illness, accident or disease
What is an assessment? - answerAn evaluation or appraisal of the pts condition
-data collected will establish a baseline
,Purpose of nursing assessment - answerEstablish a baseline database about the pts
-level of wellness
-health practices
-past illnesses
-related experiences
-health care goals
Emotional/mental assessment - answer-general appearance
-general behavior
-speech pattern
-content of thought
-mood and affect
-cognitive function
-insight & judgement
-potential for danger
Neurosis - answerIneffective coping causes mild interpersonal disorganization/ pt.
knows and is aware of problem
Psychosis - answerImpaired perception & judgement, out of touch, pt. not aware they
have a problem
Ambivalence - answerOpposing feeling at the same time / mixed feelings
Apathy - answerLack of feeling, emotion, and interest
Positions for assessment - answerSitting- examine upper body/lung sounds
Supine- assess abd. legs, pulses
Dorsal- cath care, peri assessment
Lithotomy- vagina exam
Sims- enemas, rectal temp, examine coccyx
Prone- relieve pressure on back/coccyx
Four techniques for assessment - answerInspection
-most frequent used
Palpation
-uses hand and sense of touch
Auscultation
-listening to sounds
Percussion
-use finger tips to tap on body surfaces (nurses usually don't do this)
Heath history - answer-pt medical history
-family history
-present illness
-vital signs
, -psychosocial history
-physician H&P
-nursing assessment
Physical assessment - answerDone on every pt once a shift
What is included in the neurological assessment? - answerDoctor order
Level of consciousness
-orientation x 1= person only
-orientation x2= person and place
-orientation x3= person, place, and time
Chart
- A&O x 3
Pupil response
-PERRLA
Motor function
-hand and foot strength
Pain location and severity
-scale 0-10, location
Use of vision or hearing aides
-hearing aides, glasses, contacts
What is the integumentary sys and when is this assessed? - answerSkin condition
-color
-temp
-turgor (tenting)
Integumentary terms - answerPallor- pale
Cyanosis- blue
Jaundice- yellow
Erythema- redness
Ecchymosis- bruising
Rash
Pruritis- itchy
What's turgor and how is it assessed? - answerPinching the skin and checking for
tenting
What's involved in the assessment of the cardiovascular sys? - answerApical pulse
-rate and rhythm
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